Insights into the Island’s History, Ecology and Conservation
Resources and Maps

In his 2017 book, A Meeting of Land and Sea : Nature and the Future of Martha’s Vineyard, author David Foster, now Director Emeritus of the Harvard Forest, explored the powerful natural and cultural forces that have shaped the storied island to arrive at a new interpretation of the land today and a well-informed guide to its conservation in the future. Two decades of research by Foster and his colleagues at the Harvard Forest encompassed the native people and prehistory of the Vineyard, climate change and coastal dynamics, colonial farming and modern tourism, and land planning and conservation efforts. Each of these has helped shape the island of today, and each also illuminates possibilities for future caretakers of the island’s ecology.
The book is just one element of a rich trove of research and resources about Martha’s Vineyard compiled by David Foster and his colleagues.
Maps
A true understanding of the Vineyard begins with the island’s past: how people, farm animals, and nature shaped it centuries ago.
Martha's Vineyard Maps
To develop this new version of Henry Laurens Whiting’s map of the Vineyard—the product of 14 years of survey in the mid-19th century—a Harvard Forest design team (David Foster and Jenny (Meskauskas) Hobson) began with Whiting’s beautifully engraved chart and added rich color, wayfinding elements, and more.
The key to today’s landscape truly lies in the past. The interactive map viewer, created by Brian Hall at the Harvard Forest, allows a close examination of the landscape of 1850 and how that gave rise to patterns today. On a mobile device, use the map to wander the Vineyard in real time, placing yourself in the present or the 19th-century landscape.
Launch the Map ViewerThrough our research that led to the writing the book, our Harvard Forest group has compiled a large collection of digitized maps of the Vineyard from the 16th – 21st century.
Explore the MapsResources
Excerpts from the Vineyard Gazette
For insights into the changing nature of the Vineyard, no resource equals that of the Vineyard Gazette. Beginning in 1846, the Gazette captures the peak of two critical activities in Island history—agriculture, which shaped and conditioned the land, and whaling, which shaped lives, connected the Vineyard to distant lands, and fueled local industry and wealth. Both leave legacies on the land, in local character and lore. From this mid-nineteenth century base, the paper brings us forth through the Civil War, the growth of the nation, and siphoning off of Island sons and daughters to California and other distant lands; the decline of farming and whaling; and the emergence of the Island as a self-conscious destination for outsiders who became a critical part of the place.
The Gazette’s Time Machine is an interactive online tool that allows users to browse historical articles, photos and videos from the Gazette’s extensive archive of Vineyard history.
How to use these Excerpts
The document is organized chronologically with tabs to browse by year. An efficient way to research is to use the “Find” option (under “Edit” in the top bar) to search by name for a location, person, or topic. Using this approach one can quickly locate references to the Agricultural Society, Daniel Webster, fires, eels, plovers, or any topic of interest.
The following excerpts are courtesy of the Vineyard Gazette. Copyright Vineyard Gazette, all rights reserved.
Photographs and Figures
Photographs from the book, A Meeting of Land and Sea, plus additional content, are available for exploration and download through The Harvard Forest Martha’s Vineyard Collection at Digital Commonwealth.
Bibliographies of Martha’s Vineyard-focused research
Research on Martha’s Vineyard has produced a wide range of bibliographic materials that are shared here to allow others to undertake their own explorations of the Island’s history, environment and cultural qualities.
Bibliographic Materials for A Meeting of Land and Sea
- Barker-Plotkin, A., Foster, D., Carlson, J., Magill, A. 2013. “Survivors, not invaders, control forest development following simulated hurricane” Ecology 94: 414-423.
- Bellemare, J., Motzkin, G., Foster, D. R. 2002. “Legacies of the agricultural past in the forested present: an assessment of historical land-use effects on rich mesic forests” Journal of Biogeography 29: 1401-1420.
- Bellemare, J., Motzkin, G., Foster, D. R. 2005. “Rich mesic forests: edaphic and physiographic drivers of community variation in Western Massachusetts” Rhodora 107: 239-283.
- Berlik, M. M., Kittredge, D. B., Foster, D. R. 2002. “The illusion of preservation: a global environmental argument for the local production of natural resources” Journal of Biogeography 29: 1557-1568.
- Boose, E. R., Chamberlin, K. E., Foster, D. R. 2001. “Landscape and regional impacts of hurricanes in New England” Ecological Monographs 71: 27-48.
- Boose, E. R., Foster, D. R., Fluet, M. 1994. “Hurricane impacts to tropical and temperate forest landscapes” Ecological Monographs 64: 369-400.
- Boose, E. R., Serrano, M. I., Foster, D. R. 2004. “Landscape and regional impacts of hurricanes in Puerto Rico” Ecological Monographs 74: 335-352.
- Busby, P. E., Canham, C. D., Motzkin, G., Foster, D. R. 2009. “Forest response to chronic hurricane disturbance in coastal New England” Journal of Vegetation Science 20: 487-497.
- Busby, P. E., Motzkin, G. 2009. “Dwarf beech forests in coastal New England: topographic and edaphic controls on variation in forest structure” American Midland Naturalist 162: 180-194.
- Busby, P. E., Motzkin, G., Boose, E. R. 2008. “Landscape-level variation in forest response to hurricane disturbance across a storm track” Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38: 2942-2950.
- Busby, P. E., Motzkin, G., Foster, D. R. 2008. “Multiple and interacting disturbances lead to Fagus grandifolia dominance in coastal New England” Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 135: 346-359.
- Busby, P. E., Motzkin, G., Hall, B. 2009. “Distribution and dynamics of American beech in coastal southern New England” Northeastern Naturalist 16: 159-176.
- Cogbill, C. V., Burk, J., Motzkin, G. 2002. “The forests of presettlement New England, USA: spatial and compositional patterns based on town proprietor surveys” Journal of Biogeography 29: 1279-1304.
- Compton, J. E., Boone, R. D., Motzkin, G., Foster, D. R. 1998. “Soil carbon and nitrogen in a pine-oak sand plain in central Massachusetts: Role of vegetation and land-use history” Oecologia 116: 536-542.
- Cooper-Ellis, S., Foster, D. R., Carlton, G., Lezberg, A. L. 1999. “Forest response to catastrophic wind: results from an experimental hurricane” Ecology 80: 2683-2696.
- Day, L. T., Oswald, W. W., Doughty, E. D., Foster, D. R. 2013. “Analysis of hemlock pollen size in Holocene lake sediments from New England” Quaternary Research 79: 362-365.
- DeGasperis, B. G., Motzkin, G. 2007. “Windows of opportunity: Historical and ecological controls on Berberis Thunbergii invasions” Ecology 88: 3115-3125.
- Eberhardt, R., Foster, D. R., Motzkin, G., Hall, B. 2003. “Conservation of changing landscapes: vegetation and land-use history of Cape Cod National Seashore” Ecological Applications 13: 68-84.
- Ellison, A. M., Bank, M. S., Clinton, B. D., Colburn, E. A., Elliot, K., Ford, C. F., Foster, D. R., Kloeppel, B. D., Knoepp, J. D., Lovett, G. M., Mohan, J., Orwig, D. A., Rodenhouse, N. L., Sobczak, W. V., Stinson, K. A., Stone, J. K., Swan, C. M., Thompson, J., Von Holle, B., Webster, J. R. 2005. “Loss of foundation species: consequences for the structure and dynamics of forested ecosystems” Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 3: 479-786.
- Faison, E. K., DeStefano, S., Foster, D. R., Barker-Plotkin, A. 2016. “Functional response of ungulate browsers in disturbed eastern hemlock forests” Forest Ecology and Management 362: 177-183.
- Faison, E. K., Foster, D. R. 2014. “Did American Chestnut Really Dominate the Eastern Forest?” Arnoldia 72: 18-32.
- Faison, E. K., Foster, D. R., Oswald, W. W., Hansen, B. C. S., Doughty, E. D. 2006. “Early-Holocene openlands in southern New England” Ecology 87: 2537-2547.
- Foster, D. R. 1985. “Vegetation Development Following Fire in Picea Mariana (Black Spruce)- Pleurozium Forests of South-Eastern Labrador, Canada” Journal of Ecology 73: 517-534.
- Foster, D. R. 1988. “Disturbance history, community organization and vegetation dynamics of the old-growth Pisgah Forest, southwestern New Hampshire, U.S.A.” Journal of Ecology 76: 105-134.
- Foster, D. R. 1988. “Species and stand response to catastrophic wind in central New England, USA” Journal of Ecology 76: 135-151.
- Foster, D. R. 1992. “Land-use history (1730-1990) and vegetation dynamics in central New England, USA” Journal of Ecology 80: 753-771.
- Foster, D. R. 1993. “Land-use history and forest transformations in central New England” In: Pickett, S., McDonald, M., Humans as Components of Ecosystems, Springer, Verlag, New York.
- Foster, D. R. 2000. “Duarte Pond – Proposal for Completion of Analyses and Production of Final Report”
- Foster, D. R. 2000. “From bobolinks to bears: interjecting geographical history into ecological studies, environmental interpretation, and conservation planning” Journal of Biogeography 27: 27-30.
- Foster, D. R. 2000. “Hemlock’s Future in the Context of its History: An Ecological Perspective” Proceedings of Symposium on Sustainable Management of Hemlock Ecosystems in Eastern North America.
- Foster, D. R. 2001. “Conservation lessons and challenges from ecological history” Forest History Today Fall 2000: 2-11.
- Foster, D. R. 2002. “Conservation issues and approaches for dynamic cultural landscapes” Journal of Biogeography 29: 1533-1535.
- Foster, D. R. 2002. “Insights from historical geography to ecology and conservation: lessons from the New England landscape” Journal of Biogeography 29: 1269-1275.
- Foster, D. R. 2002. “Thoreau’s country: a historical-ecological perspective on conservation in the New England landscape” Journal of Biogeography 29: 1537-1555.
- Foster, D. R. 2012. “Expanding the Integration and Application of Long-Term Ecological Research” BioScience 62: 323.
- Foster, D. R. 2014. “Book Excerpt Hemlock: A Forest Giant on the Edge” Arnoldia 71: 12-25.
- Foster, D. R. 2014. “Three views from John Sanderson’s Woodlot” Forest History Today 20: 37-45.
- Foster, D. R. 2001. “New England’s Forest Primeval” Wild Earth 11: 40-44.
- Foster, D. R., Aber, J. D., Melillo, J. M., Bowden, R. D., Bazzaz, F. A. 1997. “Forest response to disturbance and anthropogenic stress. Rethinking the 1938 Hurricane and the impact of physical disturbance vs chemical and climate stress on forest ecosystems” BioScience 47: 437-445.
- Foster, D. R., Aber, J. D., Melillo, J., Bowden, R. D., Bazzaz, F. A. 1998. “Forest response to natural disturbance versus human-induced stresses” Arnoldia 58: 35-40.
- Foster, D. R., Boose, E. R. 1992. “Patterns of forest damage resulting from catastrophic wind in central New England, USA” Journal of Ecology 80: 79-98.
- Foster, D. R., Boose, E. R. 1995. “Hurricane disturbance regimes in temperate and tropical forest ecosystems” In: Coutts, M., Grace, J., Wind and Trees, Cambridge University Press, New York, NY.
- Foster, D. R., Clayden, S., Orwig, D. A., Hall, B., Barry, S. 2002. “Oak, chestnut and fire: climatic and cultural controls of long-term forest dynamics in New England, USA” Journal of Biogeography 29: 1359-1379.
- Foster, D. R., Donahue, B. M., Kittredge, D. B., Lambert, K. F., Hunter, M. L., Hall, B. R., Irland, L. C., Lilieholm, R. J., Orwig, D. A., D’Amato, A. W., Colburn, E. A., Thompson, J. R., Levitt, J. N., Ellison, A. M., Keeton, W. S., Aber, J. D., Cogbill, C. V., Driscoll, C. T., Fahey, T. J., Hart, C. M. 2010. Wildlands and Woodlands: A Vision for the New England Landscape.
- Foster, D. R., Doucette, D., Oswald, W., Chilton, E., Shuman, B. 2011. Collaborative Research: Interacting influences of climate, land use and other disturbances on regime shifts in forest ecosystems: Holocene dynamics in the northeastern US
- Foster, D. R., Fluet, M., Boose, E. R. 1999. “Human or Natural Disturbance: Landscape-Scale Dynamics of the Tropical Forests of Puerto Rico” Ecological Applications 9: 555-572.
- Foster, D. R., Hall, B., Barry, S., Clayden, S., Parshall, T. 2002. “Cultural, environmental and historical controls of vegetation patterns and the modern conservation setting on the island of Martha’s Vineyard, USA” Journal of Biogeography 29: 1381-1400.
- Foster, D. R., Kittredge, D. B., Donahue, B. M., Lambert K. F., Hart, C. M., Levitt, J. N. 2014. “The Wildlands and Woodlands Initiative of the Harvard Forest, Harvard University” In: Levitt, J. N., Conservation Catalysts: The Academy as Nature’s Agent, Lincoln Institue of Land Policy, Cambridge, MA.
- Foster, D. R., Kittredge, D. B., Donahue, B., Motzkin, G., Orwig, D. A., Ellison, A. M., Hall, B., Colburn, E. A., D’Amato, A. 2005. Wildlands and Woodlands: A Vision for the Forests of Massachusetts
- Foster, D. R., Kittredge, D. B., Motzkin, G., Hall, B., Turner, B. L, Chilton, E. 2008. “New England’s Forest Landscape. Ecological Legacies and Conservation Patterns Shaped by Agrarian History” In: Redman, C. L., Foster, D. R., Agrarian Landscapes in Transition, Oxford University Press, Inc., New York City.
- Foster, D. R., Knight, D. H., Franklin, J. F. 1998. “Landscape Patterns and Legacies Resulting from Large, Infrequent Forest Disturbances” Ecosystems 1: 497-510.
- Foster, D. R., Labich, W. 2008. “A Wildland and Woodland Vision for the New England Landscape: Local Conservation, Biodiversity and the Global Environment” In: Askins, R. A., Dreyer, G. D., Visgilio, G. R., Whitelaw, D. M., Saving Biological Diversity, Springer US,.
- Foster, D. R., Motzkin, G. 1998. “Ecology and conservation in the cultural landscape of New England: lessons from nature’s history” Northeastern Naturalist 5: 111-136.
- Foster, D. R., Motzkin, G. 1999. Historical Influences on the Landscape of Martha’s Vineyard: Perspectives on the Management of the Manuel F. Correllus State Forest.
- Foster, D. R., Motzkin, G. 1999. Paleoecology of the Great Plain of Martha’s Vineyard: Preliminary report on analyses from Duarte Pond.
- Foster, D. R., Motzkin, G. 2000. Harlock Pond Paleoecological Research: Report to the Seven Gates Farm Community.
- Foster, D. R., Motzkin, G. 2003. “Interpreting and conserving the openland habitats of coastal New England: insights from landscape history” Forest Ecology and Management 185: 127-150.
- Foster, D. R., Motzkin, G., Bernardos, D., Cardoza, J. 2002. “Wildlife dynamics in the changing New England landscape” Journal of Biogeography 29: 1337-1357.
- Foster, D. R., Motzkin, G., O’Keefe, J., Boose, E., Orwig, D., Fuller, J., Hall, B. 2004. “The Environmental and Human History of New England” In: Foster, D. R., Aber, J. D., Forests in Time: The Environmental Consequences of 1000 Years of Change in New England, Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.
- Foster, D. R., Motzkin, G., Slater, B. 1998. “Land-use history as long-term broad-scale disturbance: regional forest dynamics in central New England” Ecosystems 1: 96-119.
- Foster, D. R., Orwig, D. A. 2006. “Preemptive and salvage harvesting of New England forests: when doing nothing is a viable alternative” Conservation Biology 20: 959-970.
- Foster, D. R., Orwig, D. A., McLachlan, J. S. 1996. “Ecological and conservation insights from reconstructive studies of temperate old-growth forests” Trends in Ecology and Evolution 11: 419-424.
- Foster, D. R., Oswald, W. W., Faison, E. K., Doughty, E. D., Hansen, B. C. S. 2006. “A climatic driver for abrupt mid-Holocene vegetation dynamics and the hemlock decline in New England” Ecology 87: 2959-2966.
- Foster, D. R., Schoonmaker, P. K., Pickett, S. T. A. 1990. “Insights from paleoecology to community ecology” Trends in Ecology and Evolution 5: 119-122.
- Foster, D. R., Swanson, F., Aber, J. D., Burk, I., Brokaw, N., Tilman, D., Knapp, A. 2002. “The importance of land-use legacies to ecology and conservation” BioScience 53: 77-88.
- Fuller, J. L., Foster, D. R., McLachlan, J. S., Drake, N. 1998. “Impact of Human Activity on Regional Forest Composition and Dynamics in Central New England” Ecosystems 1: 76-95.
- Fuller, J. L., Foster, D. R., Motzkin, G., McLachlan, J. S., Barry, S. 2004. “Broad-scale forest response to land-use and climate change” In: Foster, D. R., Aber, J. D., Forests in Time: The Environmental Consequences of 1000 Years of Change in New England, Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.
- Golodetz, A., Foster, D. R. 1997. “History and importance of land use and protection in the North Quabbin Region of Massachusetts (USA)” Conservation Biology 11: 227-235.
- Hall, B., Motzkin, G., Foster, D. R., Syfert, M., Burk, J. 2002. “Three hundred years of forest and land-use change in Massachusetts, USA” Journal of Biogeography 29: 1319-1335.
- Hou, J., Huang, Y., Shuman, B., Oswald, W. W., Foster, D. R. 2011. “Abrupt cooling repeatedly punctuated early-Holocene climate in eastern North America” The Holocene : 1-5.
- Hou, J., Huang, Y., Wang, Y., Shuman, B., Oswald, W. W., Faison, E. K., Foster, D. R. 2006. “Postglacial climate reconstruction based on compound-specific D/H ratios of fatty acids from Blood Pond, New England” Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 7: .
- Lindenmayer, D. B., Foster, D. R., Franklin, J. F., Hunter, M. L., Noss, R. F., Schmiegelow, F. A., Perry, D. 2004. “Salvage harvesting policies after natural disturbance” Science 303: 1303.
- Lovett, G. M., Weiss, M., Liebhold, A. M., Holmes, T. P., Leung, B., Lambert, K. F., Orwig, D. A., Campbell, F. T., Rosenthal, J., McCullough, D. G., Wildova, R., Ayres, M. P., Canham, C. D., Foster, D. R., LaDeau, S. L., Weldy, T. 2016. “Nonnative forest insects and pathogens in the United States: Impacts and policy options” Ecological Applications 26: 1437-1455.
- Marsicek, J. P., Shuman, B., Brewer, S., Foster, D. R., Oswald, W. W. 2013. “Moisture and temperature changes associated with the mid-Holocene Tsuga decline in the northeastern United States” Quaternary Science Reviews 80: 129-142.
- McDonald, R. I., Motzkin, G., Bank, M. S., Kittredge, D. B., Burk, J., Foster, D. R. 2006. “Forest harvesting and land-use conversion over two decades in Massachusetts” Forest Ecology and Management 227: 31-41.
- McDonald, R. I., Motzkin, G., Foster, D. R. 2008. “Assessing the influence of historical factors, contemporary processes, and environmental conditions on the distribution of invasive species” Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 135: 260-271.
- McDonald, R. I., Yuan-Farrell, C., Fievet, C., Moeller, M., Karieva, P., Foster, D. R., Gragson, T., Kinzig, T., Kuby, L., Redman, C. L. 2007. “Estimating the Effect of Protected Lands on the Development and Conservation of Their Surroundings” Conservation Biology 21: 1-11.
- McLachlan, J. S., Foster, D. R., Menalled, F. 2000. “Anthropogenic ties to late-successional structure and composition in four New England hemlock stands” Ecology 81: 717-733.
- Meyer, S. R., Cronan, C. S., Lilieholm, R. J., Johnson, M. L., Foster, D. R. 2014. “Land conservation in northern New England: Historic trends and alternative conservation futures” Biological Conservation 174: 152-160.
- Motzkin, G., Ciccarello, S. C., Foster, D. R. 2002. “Frost pockets on a level sand plain: does variation in microclimate help maintain persistent vegetation patterns?” Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 129: 154-163.
- Motzkin, G., Eberhardt, R., Hall, B., Foster, D. R., Harrod, J., MacDonald, D. 2002. “Vegetation variation across Cape Cod, Massachusetts: environmental and historical determinants” Journal of Biogeography 29: 1439-1454.
- Motzkin, G., Foster, D. R. 1998. “How land use determines vegetation: evidence from a New England sand plain” Arnoldia 58: 32-34.
- Motzkin, G., Foster, D. R. 2002. “Grasslands, healthlands and shrublands in coastal New England: historical interpretations and approaches to conservation” Journal of Biogeography 29: 1569-1590.
- Motzkin, G., Foster, D. R., Allen, A., Harrod, J., Boone, R. 1996. “Controlling site to evaluate history: Vegetation patterns of a New England sand plain” Ecological Monographs 66: 345-365.
- Motzkin, G., Orwig, D. A., Foster, D. R. 2002. History and Dynamics of a Ridgetop Pitch Pine Community – Mount Everett, Massachusetts.
- Motzkin, G., Orwig, D. A., Foster, D. R. 2002. “Vegetation and disturbance history of a rare dwarf pitch pine community in western New England, USA” Journal of Biogeography 29: 1455-1467.
- Motzkin, G., Orwig, D. A., Foster, D. R. 2009. Dwarf Pitch Pine Communities in the Southern Taconics: Race Mountain, Bear Mountain, and “Hill 1914”
- Motzkin, G., Patterson, W. A., III, Foster, D. R. 1999. “A historical perspective on pitch pine-scrub oak communities in the Connecticut Valley of Massachusetts” Ecosystems 2: 255-273.
- Motzkin, G., Wilson P., Foster, D. R., Allen, A. E. 1999. “Vegetation Patterns in Heterogeneous Landscapes: The Importance of History and Environment” Journal of Vegetation Science 10: 903-920.
- O’Keefe, J. F., Foster, D. R. 1998. “An ecological and environmental history of Massachusetts Forests” In: Foster, C. H. W., Stepping Back to Look Forward – a History of the Massachusetts Forest, Harvard Forest, Petersham, Massachusetts.
- Oswald, W. W., Faison, E. K., Foster, D. R. , Doughty, E. D., Hall, B., Hansen, B. C. S. 2007. “Post-glacial changes in spatial patterns of vegetation across southern New England” Journal of Biogeography 34: 900-913.
- Oswald, W. W., Foster, D. R. 2011. “A record of late-Holocene environmental change from southern New England, USA” Quaternary Research 76: 314-318.
- Oswald, W. W., Foster, D. R. 2011. “Middle-Holocene dynamics of Tsuga canadensis (eastern hemlock) in northern New England, USA” The Holocene 22: 71-78.
- Oswald, W. W., Foster, D. R. 2011. The Long-term History of the Squibnocket Area: Progress Report on the Paleoecology of Black Pond.
- Oswald, W. W., Foster, D. R., Doughty, E. D., Faison, E. K. 2009. “A record of Lateglacial and early Holocene environmental and ecological change from southwestern Connecticut, USA” Journal of Quaternary Science 24: 553-556.
- Oswald, W. W., Foster, D. R., Doughty, E. D., MacDonald, D. 2010. “A record of Holocene environmental and ecological changes from Wildwood Lake, Long Island, NY” Journal of Quaternary Science 25: 967-974.
- Oswald, W. W., Hansen, B. C. S., Foster, D. R. 2007. “Comparison of pollen and stomata in late-glacial and early-Holocene lake sediments from eastern Massachusetts” Rhodora 109: 225-229.
- Parshall, T., Foster, D. R. 2002. “Fire on the New England landscape: regional and temporal variation, cultural and environmental controls” Journal of Biogeography 29: 1305-1317.
- Parshall, T., Foster, D. R., Faison, E. K., MacDonald, D., Hansen, B. C. S. 2003. “Long-term history of vegetation and fire in pitch pine-oak forests on Cape Cod, Massachusetts” Ecology 84: 736-738.
- Pederson, N., D’Amato, A. W., Dyer, J. M., Foster, D. R., Goldblum, D., Hart, J. L., Hessl, A. E., Iverson, L. R., Jackson, S. T., Martin-Benito, D., McCarthy, B. C., McEwan, R. W., Mladenoff, D. J., Parker, A. J., Shuman, B., Williams, J. W. 2014. “Climate remains an important driver of post-European vegetation change in the eastern United States” Global Change Biology : 1-6.
- Power, M. J. , Marlon, J., Ortiz, N., Bartlein, P. J., Harrison, S. P., Mayle, F. E., Ballouche, A., Bradshaw, R. H. W., Carcaillet, C., Cordova, C., Mooney, S., Moreno, P. I., Prentice, I. C., Thonicke, K., Tinner, W., Whitlock, C., Zhang, Y., Zhao, Y., Ali, A. A., Anderson, R. S., Beer, R., Behling, H., Briles, C., Brown, K. J., Brunelle, A., Bush, M., Camill, P., Chu, G. Q., Clark, J., Colombaroli, D., Connor, S., Daniau, A.-L., Daniels, M., Dodson, J., Doughty, E., Edwards, M. E., Finsinger, W., Foster, D., Frechette, J., Gaillard, M-J., Gavin, D. G., Gobet, E., Haberle, S., Hallett, D. J., Higuera, P., Hope, G. , Horn, S., Inoue, J., Kaltenrieder, P., Kennedy, L., Kong, Z. C., Larsen, C., Long, C. L. , Lynch, J., Lynch, E. A., McGlone, M., Meeks, S., Mensing, S., Meyer, G., Minckley, T., Mohr, J., Nelson, D. M., New, J., Newnham, R., Noti, R., Oswald, W., Pierce, J., Richard, P. J. H., Rowe, C., Sanchez Goni, M. F., Shuman, B. N., Takahara, H., Toney, J., Turney, C., Urrego-Sanchez, D. H., Umanhowar, C., Vandergoes, M., Vanniere, B., Vescovi, E., Walsh, M., Wang, X., Williams, N., Wilmshurst, J., Zhang, J. H. 2008. “Changes in fire regimes since the Last Glacial Maximum: an assessment based on a global synthesis and analysis of charcol data” Climate Dynamics 30: 887-907.
- Schoonmaker, P. K., Foster, D. R. 1991. “Some implications of paleoecology for contemporary ecology” The Botanical Review 57: 204-245.
- Thompson, J. R., Carpenter, D. N., Cogbill, C. V., Foster, D. R. 2013. “Four Centuries of Change in Northeastern United States Forests” PLOS One 8: 1-15.
- Thompson, J. R., Foster, D. R., Scheller, R., Kittredge, D. B. 2011. “The influence of land use and climate change on forest biomass and composition in Massachusetts, USA” Ecological Applications 21: 2425-2444.
- Von Holle, B., Motzkin, G. 2007. “Historical land use and environmental determinants of nonnative plant distribution in coastal southern New England” Biological Conservation 136: 33-43.
A comprehensive listing of the documents tapped in studies for the book, excluding articles from local newspapers. This bibliography includes articles from major national newspapers, e.g., the New York Times, Boston Globe, and Washington Post. This bibliography can be downloaded as a pdf and searched using the “Find” function provided by Acrobat.
View bibliographyDue to space constraints in publishing the book, the length of the printed bibliography was drastically reduced to include only the principle references used. Here we provide the comprehensive bibliography of materials referenced in writing the book. This bibliography can be downloaded as a pdf and searched sing the “Find” function provided by Adobe Acrobat.
View bibliographyA listing of the articles from local newspapers, Vineyard Gazette and Martha’s Vineyard Times, that were consulted in the production of the book.
View bibliographyResearch Notes and Materials
A wide variety of published and unpublished materials were uncovered and consulted in the production of A Meeting of Land and Sea. This section provides the resulting compilation of typed and hand-written notes and related materials. The organization is by chapter in the book but, given that there is considerable overlap among chapters in content, all relevant chapters should be consulted in searching through these files. Many notes are referenced by author and date. The full bibliographic sources should be found in the list of references in the volume. Additional references are located in the bibliographies (above).
It addition to the typed and handwritten notes there are many thousand note cards (5×8 inches) on journal articles and books. That habit was initiated in David Foster in an undergraduate course taught by Bill Niering who required that all background notes be collected on cards and that these be turned in with each writing assignment. These have not yet been scanned.
Additional resources are available in the maps, photos, and Vineyard Gazette excerpts sections above. Many of the original articles that were consulted and other related materials are filed in the Harvard Forest Archives.
Research Notes and Materials
- Notes
- Letter – Whiting to Thorn with insights on South Shore Erosion
- Norton Point History – Tom Dunlop, 2014; Openings – Notes; Openings – Revised Timeline; Pete Ogden Quaternary Research, 1973; Pete Ogden Eye Witness account– various articles
- David Foster – Op Ed on Wasque from Martha’s Vineyard Gazette, 2013
- Henry Mitchell: Notes, Biography, Family Papers, Portrait, News article 2015
- Wasque – Schifter – Miscellaneous Materials: Boston Globe – Talk of the Vineyard; TTOR Rosen Report; TTOR Rosen Report Additional Considerations Letter; Monitoring and Maintenance Plan; Stabilization Plan; Shoreline Analysis 2012; 2013 Letter to Conservation Commission
- Chapter Notes: Handwritten Notes
- Historical Quotes and Excerpts: Notes I, Notes II; Notes III; Notes IV; Notes V; Notes VI – Forest and Landscapes; Notes VII; Notes VIII – Resource Extraction; Note IX – Agricultural History; Notes X – History and Conservation; Notes XI – Thaxter-Black History; XII – Historical Maps; Notes XIII – Oliver Rackham and George Peterken
- H.L. Whiting Materials: Notes, 1850s map notes, 1889 movement of opening in Cotamy Beach; National Archive maps and charts, National Archives papers, Journal of a young man – scanned original; Journal of a young man – transcribed; Whiting Memorial from Dan Whiting
- H.L. Whiting Materials from Martha’s Vineyard Museum: Letterhead; Letter to Shaler 1886; Topo Journal 1877; Letter about Martha’s Vineyard Survey 1891; USCGS: Occupation Form 1892; Employee List through 1894; Dead 1833-1893; Assistants up to 1890; Plane Table Triangle Solution; Report Cover 1869; MA Topographical Survey Commission: Notes on Supplies 1889; Logbook-Readings
- Banks – History of Martha’s Vineyard 1911
- Excerpts from Crevecoeur on Martha’s Vineyard and Nantucket
- Daniel Webster Letters about Martha’s Vineyard
- Des Barres – General Description from Atlantic Neptune
- Excerpts from the New England Farmer – 1856
- Diaries: George Willoughby; Jeremiah Pease and Notes from the Martha’s Vineyard Museum; Leavitt Thaxter Norton – 1858 from Massachusetts Historical Society; William Butler
- Land use history of the South Coast Pohogonot Area – Thesis, notes
- Martha’s Vineyard Agricultural Society – Notes
- Martha’s Vineyard Land Bank Records
- Candle Making – Nantucket Whale Museum
- Outline and Ideas
- Beginnings of a Martha’s Vineyard Timeline
- Martha’s Vineyard Timeline – emphasis on Chappy
- Land-use history of long point wildlife refuge – Lloyd Raleigh Notes
- US Coastal Survey: Excerpts from survey reports and notes 1937; Notes I; Notes II; Hasslers Triangles 2012; Henry Mitchell and Henry Whiting Appendices; Methods used to digitize the Coastal survey; T sheet user guide
- Handwritten Notes I
- Handwritten Notes II
- Harthaven – a brief history
- How Harvard Forest made the LULC layer for Martha’s Vineyard Nature Map
- Steamship Authority Passengers – 1998-2004 from Heather Rose
- Steam Ship Authority Traffic Volume 1990-2005
- Timeline – Developments Delayed or Killed 2014
- Timeline – Transportation on the Vineyard
- Timeline – Vineyard Development
- Traffic Counts (1990- 2005)
- Nathaniel Southgate Shaler – Notes and Materials; Greatest Graduates of Harvard – NY Times 1936; Letter to Editor NYT 1928; NYT review of Autobiography; 1902 article on mosquito control; 1897 Harvard Martha’s Vineyard Summer Courses; Letter from Henry Whiting; Founding of Harvard Forest; Harvard Clubs memoriam; NYT 1909 – memoir and Harvard Forest overview; Harvard Crimson Obituary; Harvard Bulletin Obituary; Robert Lawrence Berry Jr. Obituary (Shaler Grandnephew); Biographic notes; Wikipedia entry;
- Nathaniel Southgate Shaler Writings: Excerpts and Quotes from Man and the Earth; Origins of Biocentric Thought; Forests of North America
- Handwritten Notes I
- Handwritten Notes II
- Notes
- Forest and Conservation ideas – Notes
- Forests, Conservation and Wildlife – Thoughts and Notes
- Farms – Notes
- Classificaton of Natural Plant Communities
- Grassland and Heathlands – Notes
- Land-use Legacy Literature – Notes
- Literature Quotes – Early forests and their change
- Literature – The Woods of the South-east Essex- Ancient Woodlands
- Biodiversity Initiative – 2013
- MV Conservation Commision Landscaping Pamphlet
- Martha’s Vineyard Farms – Notes
- Martha’s Vineyard Vegetation Literature – Notes
- Nyssa Sylvatica, Beetlebung – Notes
- Chapter Outline
- Thoreau and Agricultural Journals on Sorrel – Notes
- The Trustees of Reservations (TTOR) Monitoring Protocol 2012
- Wendy Breiby Thesis – The Mature Woodlands of Martha’s Vineyard – Notes
- Harvard Forest Mapping: All Vegetation Types; Ancient vs. Secondary Woodlands
- The Nature Conservancy (TNC) Vegetation Type Descriptions: Coastal Forests, Martha’s Vineyard Priority Habitats and Rare Species; NY State Vegetation Classification; Pitch Pine Scrub Oak Communities; Scrub Oak Shrubland; Maritime Vegetation; Ecology Map Aids Planning
- Notes
- Handwritten Notes
- Master Plan (1988-91), 2013 – Notes
- Martha’s Vineyard Commission and Island Plan – Notes
- Anne Simon – Handwritten Notes
- Barrs, Thesis 2975 – Jurisdictional Allocations in Land Use Planning – Notes
- Duke County Planning and Economic Development Commission 1966 Act of Establishment
- Island Plan: Complete; Synopsis of Past Plans; Summary
- Metcalf and Eddy: Complete Report; Notes; Vineyard Gazette Coverage: A Challenge – December, 1974; How Accurate was Metcalf and Eddy? – December 1974 – Transcribed; Population Density Effects – May, 1971; Vineyard Transportation – May, 1971; Island’s Water Problems – June 1971
- Planning Quotes
- Planning Timeline on Martha’s Vineyard
- Regional Island Plan 1995 – Section A Policy Plan
- Strock Enterprises – Notes
- Martha’s Vineyard Commission – Island Plan Committee: Outline scope of work; Members; Process Committee Meeting Notes 2006; Thoughts; Steering Committee Agenda – 2006; Steering Committee Minutes – 2007; Process Committee – 2007; Case for Redevelopment – Tom Chase 2006
- Island Plan – Natural Environment Work Groups: Work Group Descriptions; Biodiversity – 2007; Biodiversity – 2007 Draft; Character – 2007; Character – Draft; Housing – Draft; Recreation Vision Statement; Recreation – Draft 2007; Seasonal Outreach 2007; Title 5 Regulation Proposals; Sustainability Estimate; Food Demand; Proposed Definitions for Minimum Viable Land-use Areas
- Notes I
- Notes II
- BioMap2 – Aquinnah; Chilmark; Edgartown, Oak Bluffs; West Tisbury
- Manual F. Correlus State Forest on Martha’s Vineyard – Part 1, 2014
- Excerpt from Irland, Drought Floods in Northeast
- Charles Sprague Sargent at MV Agricultural Society, 1883 – Fire and New England Forests
- Fire at the David Smith and Bamford Preserve – America’s Natural Places 2010
- Role of Fire through Time at MV – Notes
- The Plain, Fire, Indians – Native Conservation Quotes
- The Plain, Fire, Indians – Land-use Quotes
- Grassland Conservation – Notes from UK Trip, 2009
- Maintaining Early Seral Habitats – MA DCR SWAP goals
- Cynipid Wasp at PHA – Treatment and Observations
- MCFSF – Letters to Secretary Durand 2001 – From Paul Goldstein; Eleanor Tillinghast; David Foster and Glenn Motzkin (and Follow-up Letter)
- MCFSF – Additional Notes; Fire Burn Plans; Report letter; Report Bullets; Statement of Perspectives Concerning the DEM Management Plan
- Fire Plans: Long Cove; Long Point; Wasque