uid=HFR,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org
all
public
read
doi:10.6073/pasta/20aab8470119b0d71bc867209ab2c056
Assessing Plant Phenological Character Displacement Across the Eastern United States Since 1895
Daniel
Park
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2783-530X
Ian
Breckheimer
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4698-977X
Charles
Davis
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8747-1101
Aaron
Ellison
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4151-6081
Researcher
Goia
Lyra
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9416-9194
Researcher
Junxi
Xie
Researcher
2023
English
Reproductive character displacement has long been hypothesized to be a key determinant of speciation and co-existence in flowering plants. A central tenet of this hypothesis is that reproductive traits of close relatives growing in sympatry diverge more than they do where close relatives do not grow together. However, this idea remains untested across taxa and at large spatial scales. Here, we use data collected from tens of thousands of herbarium specimens to examine evidence for character displacement in flowering time for 91 closely-related pairs of animal-pollinated angiosperm species in the eastern USA. We see no evidence for overall phenological divergence in sympatry across regions, clades, or life histories. Rather our results indicate widespread convergence of flowering times in sympatry for species pairs that generally tend to flower close in time. We also find that climate change could alter the nature of these convergent flowering events by shifting them further apart in a majority species pair comparisons. Specifically, congeneric species in New England and the Atlantic Coastal Plain are projected to flower 2–4 days further apart, on average, by the mid-21st century as warming temperatures drive species-specific phenological shifts within genera. This may have significant consequences for species interactions and gene flow, especially if current sympatric convergence in flowering times has resulted from facilitative interactions between species.
climate change
flowering
phenology
plant species
reproduction
temperature
LTER controlled vocabulary
populations
LTER core area
Harvard Forest
HFR
LTER
USA
HFR default
This dataset is released to the public under Creative Commons CC0 1.0 (No Rights Reserved). Please keep the dataset creators informed of any plans to use the dataset. Consultation with the original investigators is strongly encouraged. Publications and data products that make use of the dataset should include proper acknowledgement.
Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal
https://spdx.org/licenses/CC0-1.0.html
CC0-1.0
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf335
Eastern United States. Coordinates based on WGS84 datum.
-87.38
-67.63
+46.66
+25.51
4.31
1101.02
meter
1895
2018
genus
Asimina
species
angustifolia
genus
Anemone
species
canadensis
species
cylindrica
species
hepatica
species
quinquefolia
species
virginiana
genus
Arisaema
species
dracontium
species
triphyllum
genus
Aristolochia
species
macrophylla
species
serpentaria
genus
Asimina
species
parviflora
species
triloba
genus
Calopogon
species
pallidus
species
tuberosus
genus
Chamaecrista
species
fasciculata
species
nictitans
genus
Clematis
species
crispa
species
occidentalis
species
reticulata
species
viorna
species
virginiana
genus
Clintonia
species
borealis
species
umbellulata
genus
Dicentra
species
canadensis
species
cucullaria
genus
Erythronium
species
americanum
species
umbilicatum
genus
Halesia
species
carolina
species
diptera
species
tetraptera
genus
Helenium
species
amarum
species
autumnale
species
flexuosum
species
pinnatifidum
species
vernale
genus
Hexastylis
species
arifolia
species
virginica
genus
Hibiscus
species
aculeatus
species
laevis
species
moscheutos
species
syriacus
species
trionum
genus
Iris
species
cristata
species
hexagona
species
prismatica
species
pseudacorus
species
verna
species
versicolor
species
virginica
genus
Lilium
species
canadense
species
catesbaei
species
philadelphicum
species
superbum
genus
Mimosa
species
microphylla
species
quadrivalvis
species
strigillosa
genus
Opuntia
species
humifusa
species
megacantha
species
pusilla
species
stricta
genus
Passiflora
species
incarnata
species
lutea
species
suberosa
genus
Phlox
species
amoena
species
carolina
species
divaricata
species
drummondii
species
glaberrima
species
nivalis
species
paniculata
species
pilosa
species
stolonifera
species
subulata
genus
Physalis
species
angulata
species
angustifolia
species
heterophylla
species
longifolia
species
pubescens
species
walteri
genus
Rosa
species
blanda
species
carolina
species
nitida
species
palustris
species
virginiana
genus
Rudbeckia
species
fulgida
species
hirta
species
laciniata
species
triloba
genus
Sabatia
species
angularis
species
bartramii
species
brevifolia
species
calycina
species
campanulata
species
difformis
species
dodecandra
species
grandiflora
species
stellaris
genus
Sarracenia
species
flava
species
minor
species
psittacina
species
purpurea
genus
Styrax
species
americanus
species
grandifolius
genus
Trillium
species
catesbaei
species
cernuum
species
cuneatum
species
erectum
species
grandiflorum
species
maculatum
species
rugelii
species
undulatum
species
vaseyi
genus
Uvularia
species
grandiflora
species
perfoliata
species
puberula
species
sessilifolia
ongoing
Information Manager
Harvard Forest
324 North Main Street
Petersham
MA
01366
USA
(978) 724-3302
hf-im@lists.fas.harvard.edu
Harvard Forest
324 North Main Street
Petersham
MA
01366
USA
(978) 724-3302
(978) 724-3595
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu
The web tool CrowdCurio was used to crowdsource phenological data from more than 40,000 herbarium specimens representing 116 flowering plant species across the eastern United States.
Data file hf335-02-R-code.zip contains the R code (four scripts, to be run in sequence) and associated input files (.csv, .gpkg, and .tre) for replicating the analyses in the paper.
Harvard Forest Long-Term Ecological Research
Harvard Forest
324 North Main Street
Petersham
MA
01366
USA
(978) 724-3302
(978) 724-3595
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu
https://ror.org/059cpzx98
pointOfContact
The Harvard Forest Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program examines ecological dynamics in the New England region resulting from natural disturbances, environmental change, and human impacts.
National Science Foundation LTER grants: DEB-8811764, DEB-9411975, DEB-0080592, DEB-0620443, DEB-1237491, DEB-1832210.
hf335-01-congener.txt
crowdsourced phenological data
hf335-01-congener.txt
40270600
aad9e69fb265d800e36ead2df75bd04d
1
\r\n
column
;
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p33/hf335/hf335-01-congener.txt
coreid
unique ID of specimen record
unique ID of specimen record
NA
missing value
species
binomial species name
binomial species name
NA
missing value
username
unique crowdsourcer ID
unique crowdsourcer ID
NA
missing value
bud
bud counts
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
flower
flower counts
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
fruit
fruit counts
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
family
family name
family name
NA
missing value
genus
genus name
genus name
NA
missing value
county
US county where specimen was collected
US county where specimen was collected
NA
missing value
state
US state where specimen was collected
US state where specimen was collected
NA
missing value
longitude
county centroid coordinates in decimal degrees
degree
0.00001
real
NA
missing value
latitude
county centroid coordinates in decimal degrees
degree
0.00001
real
NA
missing value
date
date of collection
YYYY-MM-DD
1 day
NA
missing value
year
collection year
YYYY
NA
missing value
month
collection month
collection month
NA
missing value
day
collection day
collection day
NA
missing value
goodqualityaccess_url
medium quality specimen image
medium quality specimen image
NA
missing value
access_url
high quality specimen image
high quality specimen image
NA
missing value
139027
hf335-02-R-code.zip
phenological displacement R code
hf335-02-R-code.zip
1525608798
ffa5cd505b31b98edc1cd46f36528dbf
zip
csv, GeoPackage, R script
https://portal.edirepository.org/nis/dataviewer?packageid=knb-lter-hfr.335.2&entityid=7f3402aa832610f9d76b56b15db6ce64
document, script, vector GIS
biodiversity
conservation
informatics
regional
historical
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf309