uid=HFR,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org
all
public
read
doi:10.6073/pasta/7c459f5119f7021513c1dc46c7840092
Predator Contributions to Belowground Responses to Climate Warming at Harvard Forest 2014
Shannon
Pelini
Audrey
Maran
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3640-2549
Robert
Baroudi
Researcher
Heather
Clendenin
Researcher
Laura
Figueroa
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0655-8278
Researcher
2023
English
Identifying the factors that control soil CO2 emissions will improve our ability to predict the magnitude of climate change-soil ecosystem feedbacks. Despite the integral role of invertebrates in belowground systems, they are excluded from climate change models. Soil invertebrates have consumptive and non-consumptive effects on microbes, whose respiration accounts for nearly half of soil CO2 emissions. By altering the behavior and abundance of invertebrates that interact with microbes, invertebrate predators may have indirect effects on soil respiration. We examined the effects of a generalist arthropod predator on belowground respiration under different warming scenarios. Based on research suggesting invertebrates may mediate soil CO2 emission responses to warming, we predicted that predator presence would result in increased emissions by negatively affecting these invertebrates. We altered the presence of wolf spiders (Pardosa spp.) in mesocosms containing a forest floor community. To simulate warming, we placed mesocosms of each treatment in ten open-top warming chambers ranging from 1.5 to 5.5° C above ambient at Harvard Forest, MA. As expected, CO2 emissions increased under warming and we found an interactive effect of predator presence and warming, though the effect was not consistent through time. The interaction between predator presence and warming was the inverse of our predictions: mesocosms with predators had lower respiration at higher levels of warming than those without predators. Carbon dioxide emissions were not significantly associated with microbial biomass. We did not find evidence of consumptive effects of predators on the invertebrate community, suggesting that predator presence mediates response of microbial respiration to warming through non-consumptive means. In our system we found a significant interaction between warming and predator presence that warrants further research into mechanism and generality of this pattern to other systems.
air temperature
arthropods
communities
climate change
insects
microbial biomass
soil respiration
soil temperature
LTER controlled vocabulary
populations
organic matter
LTER core area
Harvard Forest
HFR
LTER
USA
HFR default
This dataset is released to the public under Creative Commons CC0 1.0 (No Rights Reserved). Please keep the dataset creators informed of any plans to use the dataset. Consultation with the original investigators is strongly encouraged. Publications and data products that make use of the dataset should include proper acknowledgement.
Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal
https://spdx.org/licenses/CC0-1.0.html
CC0-1.0
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf275
Prospect Hill Tract (Harvard Forest). Coordinates based on WGS84 datum.
-72.19
-72.19
+42.53
+42.53
340
340
meter
2014
2014
genus
Pardosa
species
spp.
wolf spider
complete
Information Manager
Harvard Forest
324 North Main Street
Petersham
MA
01366
USA
(978) 724-3302
hf-im@lists.fas.harvard.edu
Harvard Forest
324 North Main Street
Petersham
MA
01366
USA
(978) 724-3302
(978) 724-3595
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu
Overview
We built mesocosms simulating a forest floor invertebrate community within plastic 18.9 L buckets. We added equal volume layers (5200 mL) of sieved and homogenized soil in each bucket, with a sand layer at the bottom, followed by a layer of mineral soil and organic soil. Each bucket contained a red maple (Acer rubrum) sapling (15-25 cm in height), a pvc soil collar, a microrhizon sampler (Soil Moisture Inc. Santa Barbara, CA), 2 grams of leaf litter, three millipedes, three earthworms, and natural densities of springtails, mites, and enchytraeid worms. To half of the buckets, we added a wolf spider (Pardosa sp.) as our "predator treatment". All mesocosms were surrounded with a fine mesh throughout the experiment. We placed 3 mesocosms without predators and 3 mesocosms with predators in each warming chamber (9 levels of warming, 1.5 to 5.5° C above ambient) and in one control chamber on Prospect Hill tract. This made for a total of 60 mesocosms.
Weekly Measurements
We measured efflux using a LI-6400 (LICOR, Lincoln, NE) with the soil respiration attachment. The LI-6400 also recorded soil temperature and air temperature in the soil respiration attachment. During the CO2 efflux measurements, we also recorded moisture using a Hydrosense moisture probe, plant leaf number and stem height. Three times a week, we collected soil solution using the microrhizon samplers, which were analyzed for dissolved NO3-, NH4+, total reducing sugars, and total free primary amines using fluorometric and colorimetric methods and analyzed on a Shimadzu TOC-VCPN analyzer (Shimadzu Scientific Instruments Inc. Columbia, MD, USA).
Mesocosm Harvest
We destructively sampled 20 of the mesocosms (one of each treatment) on 7/10/2014 and the remaining 40 on 9/10/2014. From each mesocosm, we recorded the density of springtails, mites, and enchytraeids, the remaining number of worms and millipedes, and took soil cores. Using the soil cores, we used fumigation-extraction to determine microbial carbon biomass and microbial nitrogen biomass. The extracts from this process were analyzed on a Shimadzu TOC-VCPN analyzer.
Harvard Forest Long-Term Ecological Research
Harvard Forest
324 North Main Street
Petersham
MA
01366
USA
(978) 724-3302
(978) 724-3595
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu
https://ror.org/059cpzx98
pointOfContact
The Harvard Forest Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program examines ecological dynamics in the New England region resulting from natural disturbances, environmental change, and human impacts.
National Science Foundation LTER grants: DEB-8811764, DEB-9411975, DEB-0080592, DEB-0620443, DEB-1237491, DEB-1832210.
hf275-01-hf-mesocosm-weekly.csv
mesocosm weekly measurements
hf275-01-hf-mesocosm-weekly.csv
100691
2b95bf29812018d3cef621ded7c13e49
1
\r\n
column
,
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p27/hf275/hf275-01-hf-mesocosm-weekly.csv
datecode
code for date of data collection. Two digit year code, followed by the two
digit month number, and two digit day number.
code for date of data collection. Two digit year code, followed by the two
digit month number, and two digit day number.
NA
missing value
date
date of data collection
YYYY-MM-DD
1 day
NA
missing value
week
week of data collection
week of data collection
NA
missing value
time
time of data collection
hh:mm
1 minute
NA
missing value
datetime
date and time of data collection
YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm
1 minute
NA
missing value
mesocosm.id
unique id for the mesocosm
unique id for the mesocosm
NA
missing value
number
number of the mesocosm only
number of the mesocosm only
NA
missing value
chamber
warming chamber number
warming chamber number
NA
missing value
target.warming
target warming level of the chamber (degrees C above
ambient)
celsius
0.1
real
NA
missing value
warming
actual average degrees above C of the chamber over the course of the
experiment
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
predator.pa
predator treatment
0
no predator
1
predator
NA
missing value
efflux1
first of 3 efflux (micromole CO2 per meter squared per second)
measurements taken on each day. The Li-6400 always took three measurements, one right after
the next.
micromolePerMeterSquaredPerSecond
0.000000001
real
NA
missing value
efflux2
second of 3 efflux (micromole CO2 per meter squared per second)
measurements taken on each day
micromolePerMeterSquaredPerSecond
0.000000001
real
NA
missing value
efflux3
third of 3 efflux (micromole CO2 per meter squared per second)
measurements taken on each day
micromolePerMeterSquaredPerSecond
0.000000001
real
NA
missing value
effluxavg
average of the three efflux (micromole CO2 per meter squared per second)
measurements
micromolePerMeterSquaredPerSecond
0.000000001
real
NA
missing value
soiltemp
temperature of soil at approximately 8 cm depth
celsius
0.00000001
real
NA
missing value
airtemp
temperature of the air in the soil measurement chamber of the LI-6400
during measurement
celsius
0.00000001
real
NA
missing value
moisture
soil moisture (% VWC) reading taken at time of the efflux
measurement
dimensionless
0.1
real
NA
missing value
plant
state of the plant
A
alive
D
dead
NA
missing value
leaf
number of leaves on the plant
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
stem
height of stem of the plant
centimeter
0.1
real
NA
missing value
nh4
NH4 (micromole per liter) on the efflux measurement
day
micromolePerLiter
0.0000001
real
NA
missing value
no3
NO3 (micromole per liter) on the efflux measurement
day
micromolePerLiter
0.0000001
real
NA
missing value
tfpa
total free primary amines (micromole per liter) on the efflux measurement
day
micromolePerLiter
0.000000001
real
NA
missing value
trs
total reducing sugars (micromole per liter)
micromolePerLiter
0.00000001
real
NA
missing value
harvest.date
date that the mesocosm was harvested
YYYY-MM-DD
1 day
NA
missing value
weather
simple description of the weather on the efflux measurement
day
simple description of the weather on the efflux measurement day
NA
missing value
500
hf275-02-hf-mesocosm-harvest.csv
mesocosm measurements at harvest
hf275-02-hf-mesocosm-harvest.csv
7784
0c628a0baa4cb554d566a76e971e3d4e
1
\r\n
column
,
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p27/hf275/hf275-02-hf-mesocosm-harvest.csv
date
date the mesocosm was harvested
YYYY-MM-DD
1 day
NA
missing value
mesocosm.id
unique id for the mesocosm
unique id for the mesocosm
NA
missing value
number
number of the mesocosm only
number of the mesocosm only
NA
missing value
chamber
warming chamber number
warming chamber number
NA
missing value
warming.target
the target warming level of the chamber (degrees C above
ambient)
celsius
0.1
real
NA
missing value
warming
actual average degrees above C of the chamber over the course of the
experiment
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
predator.pa
predator treatment
0
no predator
1
predator
NA
missing
wetwt
weight of soil sample from mesocosm before drying
gram
0.01
real
NA
missing value
drywt
weight of soil sample from mesocosm after drying
gram
0.01
real
NA
missing value
microbes.c
micrograms of microbial carbon per gram of soil
microgramsPerGram
0.0000001
real
NA
missing value
microbes.n
micrograms of microbial nitrogen per gram of soil
microgramsPerGram
0.000000001
real
NA
missing value
worms
number of worms counted in all soil
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
sprintailcount1
number of springtails counted in one 15 mL subsample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
potwormcount1
number of potworms (enchytraeids) counted in one 15 mL
subsample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
mitecount1
number of mites counted in one 15 mL subsample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
sprintailcount2
number of springtails counted in second 15 mL
subsample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
potwormcount2
number of potworms counted in second 15 mL subsample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
mitecount2
number of mites counted in second 15 mL subsample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
sprintailcount3
number of springtails counted in third 15 mL
subsample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
potwormcount3
number of potworms counted in third 15 mL subsample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
mitecount3
number of mites counted in third 15 mL subsample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
springtailavg
average of number of springtails found in the three
subsamples
number
0.000000001
real
NA
missing value
potwormavg
average of number of potworms found in the three
subsamples
number
0.000000001
real
NA
missing value
miteavg
average of number of mites found in the three
subsamples
number
0.000000001
real
NA
missing value
effluxavg
average efflux for this mesocosm over the course of the experiment
(micromole CO2 per meter squared per second)
micromolePerMeterSquaredPerSecond
0.000000001
real
NA
missing value
effluxlast
efflux measurement taken before harvest
micromolePerMeterSquaredPerSecond
0.000000001
real
NA
missing value
60
community
short-term measurement
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf113