uid=HFR,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org
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doi:10.6073/pasta/ba9fea7b3093c352625a5c2f928de039
Leaf Area in the Clearcut Site at Harvard Forest 2010-2012
Christopher
Williams
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5047-0639
Myroslava
Khomik
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0377-8833
Researcher
Richard
MacLean
Researcher
Melanie
Vanderhoof
Researcher
2023
English
This dataset contributed to an estimate of leaf area by species at the Prospect Hill clearcut regeneration site, used in a publication to attribute measured changes in gross primary productivity over time to either changes in species composition and associated traits versus changes in total leaf area. The file reports data on leaf area by species from destructive harvest in select plots. It also reports leaf area and leaf weight from destructive harvest of the foliage of select individual species to characterize the vertical distribution of foliage for those species. Corresponding measurements of total plant area recorded with a LAI-2000 before and after harvest of this foliage is reported as well, useful for inferring the leaf versus stem/branch portions of light interception as needed for improved estimates of LAI with the light-interception method. Lastly, below we report the result of an August 2012 site-level survey of plant area index measured with the LAI-2000 and converted to leaf area index.
canopy cover
foliage
leaf area index
leaves
plant physiology
LTER controlled vocabulary
primary production
disturbance
human-environment
LTER core area
Harvard Forest
HFR
LTER
USA
HFR default
This dataset is released to the public under Creative Commons CC0 1.0 (No Rights Reserved). Please keep the dataset creators informed of any plans to use the dataset. Consultation with the original investigators is strongly encouraged. Publications and data products that make use of the dataset should include proper acknowledgement.
Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal
https://spdx.org/licenses/CC0-1.0.html
CC0-1.0
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf228
Prospect Hill Tract (Harvard Forest). Coordinates based on WGS84 datum.
-72.174
-72.174
+42.546
+42.546
403
403
meter
2010
2012
genus
Acer
species
pensylvanicum
striped maple
species
rubrum
red maple
genus
Aralia
species
nudicaulis
wild sarsaparilla
genus
Betula
species
alleghaniensis
yellow birch
species
lenta
black/sweet birch
species
papyrifera
paper birch
genus
Carex
species
spp.
sedge
genus
Comptonia
species
peregrina
sweetfern
genus
Dennstaedtia
species
punctilobula
hayscented fern
genus
Dryopteris
species
spp.
woodfern
genus
Fagus
species
grandifolia
American beech
genus
Maianthemum
species
canadense
Canadian may-lily
genus
Oryzopsis
species
asperifolia
rough-leaved rice grass
genus
Picea
species
abies
Norway spruce
species
glauca
white spruce
genus
Pinus
species
strobus
white pine
genus
Polygonum
species
sp.
knotweed
genus
Prunus
species
pensylvanica
pin cherry
species
serotina
black cherry
genus
Quercus
species
rubra
red oak
genus
Rumex
species
acetosella
field sorrel
genus
Rubus
species
allegheniensis
Allegheny blackberry
species
idaeus
American red raspberry
species
sp.
dewberry
genus
Sambucus
species
pubens
elderberry
genus
Treintalis
species
borealis
starflower
genus
Tsuga
species
canadensis
eastern hemlock
genus
Vaccinium
species
angustifolium
lowbush blueberry
complete
Information Manager
Harvard Forest
324 North Main Street
Petersham
MA
01366
USA
(978) 724-3302
hf-im@lists.fas.harvard.edu
Harvard Forest
324 North Main Street
Petersham
MA
01366
USA
(978) 724-3302
(978) 724-3595
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu
Study Site
The study site occupies roughly a 200 m x 400 m area (8 ha) near the top of Prospect Hill, within the Harvard Forest Long Term Ecological Research Site.
Leaf Area by Species – Destructive Harvests
Species-specific leaf area (projected, one-sided leaf area per ground area occupied by an individual plant of a particular species) was sampled for a select number of species by destructive sampling. Two to five representative individuals of each species were selected. To minimize the method’s impact, the number of individuals destructively sampled was based on the prevalence of the species within the study area. Individuals were chosen to represent the size spectrum observed along the vegetation transects. The aerial ground coverage of each individual was estimated using two tape meters placed perpendicular to each other and estimating the enclosed square, oval or triangular shape occupied by the individual. Each individual was destructively sampled by removing all green leaves from the individual. Total (one-sided) leaf area was determined by scanning the leaves in the lab, using a LI-3000 leaf area meter (Li-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, NB, USA). The scanned leaf area was divided by the ground area occupied by the individual plant, to produce a leaf area estimate (LA) for the species. This value was used to calculate species-specific leaf area index from the line-intercept vegetation cover.
Tree Destructive Harvest in 2012
In summer 2012, our group sampled a few key species, similar to the way it was done in 2010, but covering a larger clump/area. We found patches of the same species in designated areas (i.e. out of the tower's footprint) and measured the area occupied by the crown of the clump, as projected on the ground. We destructively harvested all of the leaves in the canopy, in 50 cm layers (where applicable), starting from the ground and up. Then we scanned all of the harvested leaves using the LI-3000 leaf area meter, available at Harvard Forest Torrey Lab. The leaves were then packed into paper bags and oven dried. The weight of each layer and overall was measured once dried. - all this done at HF at Torrey labs.
The leaves were then brought back to Clark and stored in a box in a cool, dry place (our growth chamber room). Only a single cluster per species was harvested. Measurements within each cluster (two on each side of the ellipse - farthest apart - pointing the instrument inside the cluster and using the 45deg angle cap) were also performed using the LI-2000 before and after the harvest (dawn/dusk, time permitting). For blackberry and fern patches, the sampling patch was square in shape and measurements with the LI-2000 were taken from two sides. Also for blackberry and fern, the harvest was completed in a single layer and everything was harvested from bottom up (logistically that was the best approach for bb), so no stalks remained to measure the post-harvest LAI. The difference in LI-2000 measurements before the harvest and post-harvest give "true" LAI, since contribution of branches is excluded by the post-harvest measurement.
Notes on Harvest in 2010
Melanie Vanderhoof and REUs harvested numerous species at the site and estimated their leaf area per canopy area, by estimating the projected canopy area of an individual, then harvesting all leaves of that individual, measured the harvested projected one-sided leaf area of that individual, and finally divided the total projected one-sided leaf area by the projected canopy area (this we call LA). Leaf area was measured by spreading out flat, in a single layer in a box of a fixed area, all the harvested leaves - per individual. To get the LAI (leaf area per ground area), one needs to multiply these LA numbers by the % ground covered by that species' canopy - get from line intercept method (then get leaf area per ground area).
LAI-2000 Sampling
In late August 2012, site-level LAI was also estimated with the LAI-2000 Plant Canopy Analyzer (LI-COR Biosciences, Inc.) optical plant area meter. Measurements were performed along one of the five line-intercept transects used for species abundance and composition surveys, and were made just below the canopy, along 8 points, at dusk. A 45-degree angle cap was used and data were corrected accordingly. Two additional measurements were performed before and after the transect survey, but in an adjacent open area free of shading. The difference between the mean open and mean transect value provided an estimate of plant area index at our site. Measured plant area index (PAI) was translated to leaf area index (LAI), by correcting for branches sampled during our destructive harvesting campaign (described above for estimation of species-level leaf area, involving select patches of trees: red maple – Acer rubrum (6.6 m2); pin cherry – Prunus pensylvanica (9.7 m2) and black cherry – Prunus serotina (11.1 m2)). During that sampling campaign, we took measurements with the LAI-2000 instrument before and after leaf harvest within each patch. The corresponding ratio of LAI to PAI in defoliated patches was used to correct the measured site-total PAI to provide just the portion related to leaves (i.e. LAI).
Data Files
The two data files represent two distinct samplings. The first data file corresponds to a vertically-stratified destructive harvest of leaves on select species, as described above under “Tree Destructive Harvest in 2012”. The second data file contains the total leaf area for species that were sampled within a particular ground area that contained vegetation cover primarily composed of that species, as described above under “Leaf Area by Species – Destructive Harvests."
Harvard Forest Long-Term Ecological Research
Harvard Forest
324 North Main Street
Petersham
MA
01366
USA
(978) 724-3302
(978) 724-3595
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu
https://ror.org/059cpzx98
pointOfContact
The Harvard Forest Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program examines ecological dynamics in the New England region resulting from natural disturbances, environmental change, and human impacts.
National Science Foundation LTER grants: DEB-8811764, DEB-9411975, DEB-0080592, DEB-0620443, DEB-1237491, DEB-1832210.
hf228-01-stratified.csv
vertically stratified
hf228-01-stratified.csv
841
d1a0bf407d8488b392ead5906f4ed920
1
\r\n
column
,
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p22/hf228/hf228-01-stratified.csv
year
year of sampling
YYYY
1 year
NA
missing value
date
date of sampling
YYYY-MM-DD
1 day
NA
missing value
sample
sample identification
sample identification
NA
missing value
leaf.area
scanned and corrected leaf area collected from the
plant
squareCentimeters
0.01
real
NA
missing value
dry.weight
dry weight of the sample leaves collected
gram
0.000001
real
NA
missing value
ground.area
ground area occupied by the projected-shadow of the plant that was
harvested
squareCentimeters
1
real
NA
missing value
species
species sampled
pc
Prunus pensylvanica
rm
Acer rubrum
bc
Prunus serotina
bb
Rubus allegheniensis
fern
Dennstaedtia punctilobula or Dryopteris spp.
NA
missing value
lai
calculated leaf area index (leaf per ground)
dimensionless
0.000000001
real
NA
missing value
li2000.pre
LI-2000 reading below canopy before the leaves were
harvested
dimensionless
0.001
real
NA
missing value
li2000.post
LI-2000 reading below canopy after the leaves were
harvested
dimensionless
0.001
real
NA
missing value
level1.la
total leaf area of leaves collected in the layer from 0-50cm height above
the ground
squareCentimeters
0.01
real
NA
missing value
level2.la
total leaf area of leaves collected in the layer from 0-50cm height above
the ground
squareCentimeters
0.01
real
NA
missing value
level3.la
total leaf area of leaves collected in the layer from 100-150cm height
above the ground
squareCentimeters
0.01
real
NA
missing value
level4.la
total leaf area of leaves collected in the layer from 150-200cm height
above the ground
squareCentimeters
0.01
real
NA
missing value
level5.la
total leaf area of leaves collected above 200cn height above the
ground
squareCentimeters
0.01
real
NA
missing value
level1.wgt
dry leaf weight of leaves collected in the layer from 0-50cm height above
the ground
gram
0.01
real
NA
missing value
level2.wgt
dry leaf weight of leaves collected in the layer from 50-100 cm height
above the ground
gram
0.00000001
real
NA
missing value
level3.wgt
dry leaf weight of leaves collected in the layer from 100-150cm height
above the ground
gram
0.0000001
real
NA
missing value
level4.wgt
dry leaf weight of leaves collected in the layer from 150-200cm height
above the ground
gram
0.0000001
real
NA
missing value
level5.wgt
dry leaf weight of leaves collected above 200cn height above the
ground
gram
0.0000001
real
NA
missing value
5
hf228-02-whole.csv
whole plant
hf228-02-whole.csv
3268
75ed3400e5714a96ea352c188ce53967
1
\r\n
column
,
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p22/hf228/hf228-02-whole.csv
year
year of sampling
YYYY
1 year
NA
missing value
sample
sample identification
sample identification
NA
missing value
leaf.area
scanned and corrected leaf area collected from the
plant
squareCentimeters
0.01
real
NA
missing value
dry.weight
dry weight of the sample leaves collected
gram
0.01
real
NA
missing value
ground.area
ground area occupied by the projected-shadow of the plant that was
harvested
squareCentimeters
0.1
real
NA
missing value
species
species sampled
ws
Aralia nudicaulis
canadian
Maianthemum canadense
fern
Dennstaedtia punctilobula or Dryopteris spp.
kw
Polygonum sp.
rb
Rubus idaeus
bb
Rubus allegheniensis
sf
Comptonia peregrina
hf
Dennstaedtia punctilobula
wf
Dryopteris spp.
sedge
Carex spp.
rg
Oryzopsis asperifolia
sorrel
Rumex acetosella
starflower
Treintalis borealis
db
Rubus sp.
eb
Sambucus pubens
blue
Vaccinium angustifolium
sm
Acer pensylvanicum
rm
Acer rubrum
yb
Betula lenta
pb
Betula papyrifera
be
Fagus grandifolia
sp
Picea abies or Picea glauca
wp
Pinus strobus
pc
Prunus pensylvanica
bc
Prunus serotina
ro
Quercus rubra
eh
Tsuga canadensis
NA
missing value
lai
calculated leaf area index
dimensionless
0.001
real
NA
missing value
108
informatics
atmosphere
community
short-term measurement
modeling
https://wordpress.clarku.edu/cwilliams/
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf224
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf230
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf223
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf229
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf222