uid=HFR,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org
all
public
read
doi:10.6073/pasta/192e7dd6acab3c325ebe2139ef314989
DIRT Litter Manipulation Experiment at Harvard Forest since 1990
Serita
Frey
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9221-5919
Knute
Nadelhoffer
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9775-894X
Richard
Boone
Richard
Bowden
Kate
Lajtha
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6430-4818
Johannes
Rousk
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4985-7262
Jacqueline
Aitkenhead-Peterson
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7429-9058
Researcher
Jana
Canary
Researcher
Jason
Garrison
https://orcid.org/
Researcher
Jason
Kaye
Researcher
William
McDowell
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8739-9047
Researcher
Jerry
Melillo
Researcher
Patricia
Micks
Researcher
2023
English
The DIRT Experiment (Detritus Input and Removal Treatments) is a long-term study of controls on soil organic matter formation. Our goal is to assess how rates and sources of plant litter inputs control the accumulation and dynamics of organic matter and nutrients in forest soils over decadal time scales. Results from 11 years of field and laboratory studies demonstrate the relative importance of above- and belowground sources on soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics and show emerging long-term non-linear changes in soil carbon release and storage.
Treatments established in a mixed hardwood stand in 1990 are: doubling annual aboveground litter (DL), exclusion of aboveground litter (NL), exclusion of root inputs by trenching (NR), and exclusion of aboveground litter and root inputs (NI), on replicated 3m x 3m plots (n=3 for treatments, 6 for controls). The O/A-less treatment, implemented in 1991, tracks the recovery of impoverished soil by replacing O and A horizon soil with B horizon material and allowing normal litter inputs thereafter. Comparison of data among treatments (soil respiration, soil solution chemistry, soil physical and chemical properties, and microfaunal and microbial community structure) allows us to determine the contributions of live roots, above-ground litter, and belowground detritus to SOM and nutrient dynamics in this forest soil. Similar experiments in Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, Oregon, and Hungarian forests provide information on these processes across climate and soil texture gradients.
First-year soil respiration results from the Harvard Forest DIRT plots showed that live root respiration, production of aboveground litter (leaf, twig, other fine litter) and fine root detritus each constitute about one-third of C inputs to soil. Soil respiration is influenced more by root inputs than aboveground litter in this forest. CO2 efflux from root-excluded soils (NR, NI) declined to 32% of controls over the first 11 years of treatments as soil C became more recalcitrant. Excluding aboveground inputs (NI) had little additional negative effect when root inputs were excluded (NR). Doubling or excluding aboveground litter proportionally increased or decreased respiration, respectively, from root-intact soils during the first four years. However, after year 8, DL respiration dropped to near or below control levels, indicating decreasing decomposition rates. O/A-less soil respiration rates in year 11 surpassed the root-excluded treatments.
C and N stocks respectively increased or decreased in response to doubling or excluding aboveground litter inputs to root-intact soil. However, stocks declined only slightly in NI soils relative to NR. Changes in soil respiration relative to total soil C mass indicate changing soil organic matter (SOM) quality across treatments and over time. Root inputs remain the stronger influence on the proportion of respired labile C, which declined to 40% of control levels in the root-free soils. Results suggest that aboveground inputs more strongly influence SOM mass, but root inputs have a stronger effect on SOM quality. 10 years of doubling litter inputs increased total soil C but by year 10 respired labile C declined below controls, demonstrating a long-term negative effect on decomposition. Total C in O/A-less soil did not increase markedly but the large labile proportion dropped by half as the young organic matter became more stabilized after 10 years of decomposition.
Soil respiration response to soil temperature was strongly and significantly influenced by treatment, and treatment effects increased with time. Respiration by fine roots and associated rhizosphere organisms was more responsive to temperature than was bulk soil respiration. DL Q10 fell steadily from year 4 to year 11 as decomposition rates declined, and was below NL Q10 by year 10. NL Q10 changed little over time. NI Q10 decreased more than NR despite the fact that its respiration rates are similar to or greater than NR. Q10 for NI and NR decreased more over time than any other treatment. O/A-less soil Q10 increased over time, and was higher than the root-excluded treatments’ Q10 in year 11.
Changes in soil solution organic chemistry required at least 5 years of litter manipulation. By year 7, forest floor DOC concentrations were significantly higher in DL plots and significantly lower in O/A-less plots. Response was mixed in the litter and/or root-excluded treatments. Mineral soil solution chemistry was not affected by treatments. The Oea horizon contributed 40% to forest floor soil solution DOC, leaf litter 44%, and root exudate and decay 16%. Roots appeared to be a sink for DON. Oea soil appears to contribute 107% and leaf litter 39% to forest floor soil solution DON. Mean annual DOC flux was strongly related to forest floor C:N ratio but DON flux was not. Mean annual DOC and DON fluxes were positively related to fungal biomass, suggesting that fungal biomass may be responsible for a large proportion of DOC and DON production. Seasonal changes in DOC:DON ratios in root-intact treatments DL, NL, and controls suggest a decoupling of DOC and DON production. Treatment patterns of DOC flux in year 7 correspond to cumulative DOC and CO2 release from incubated organic horizon soils collected in year 5, as did CO2 efflux measured in the field in year 8. DOC losses from the incubated forest floors were 10 percent of CO2-C gas losses.
Total DIN mineralized in the incubated soils collected in year 5 was also influenced by treatments. Lack of net N mineralization response to variations in aboveground litter suggests that microbial immobilization exerts a strong control over soil N dynamics. Although net N mineralization rates were lower in soils from root-excluded plots, nitrification rates were much higher. Incubated soils from the Pennsylvania site showed similar results. These findings suggest that the absence of roots and mycorrhizal hyphae favor nitrifying bacteria.
After 5 years of treatments, microflora appeared to follow patterns of carbon availability and recalcitrance. Data suggest that fungal:bacterial ratios decline with increasing recalcitrance of soil carbon. Total fungal biomass tended to follow patterns of C and N content, being highest in DL and lowest in NL and NI. Fungal biomass was much greater than bacterial biomass in all treatments, yet aboveground litter inputs may be more important substrates for fungi than are roots. Treatments did not affect the active biomass of fungi or bacteria in forest floors. That litter manipulations strongly affected N mineralization and respiration in laboratory incubated soils suggests that the activities of microbial functional types were influenced by treatments. However, microbial populations are poor predictors of process rates.
In summary, results from field data and intersite soil incubations suggest that aboveground inputs exert a stronger influence on SOM mass, but root inputs have a stronger effect on its quality. The pool of turning over N is slow, having a different dynamic than the faster mineralizable C pool. Metabolism of roots and rhizosphere organisms is more temperature-sensitive than bulk soil organisms. Exclusion of roots had a greater effect on microbial processes than either doubling or excluding aboveground inputs. Declining decomposition rates accompanied by increasing soil C in the DL treatment suggests long-term non-linear changes in soil microbial activity which could lead to increased long-term soil C storage beyond expectations. Changes in above- and belowground plant inputs and their influence on temperature-controlled processes will be significant in determining the effects of a warmer world on the net flux of carbon from soils to the atmosphere.
carbon
decomposition
litter
nitrogen
roots
soil
soil organic matter
LTER controlled vocabulary
organic matter
inorganic nutrients
disturbance
LTER core area
Harvard Forest
HFR
LTER
USA
HFR default
This dataset is released to the public under Creative Commons CC0 1.0 (No Rights Reserved). Please keep the dataset creators informed of any plans to use the dataset. Consultation with the original investigators is strongly encouraged. Publications and data products that make use of the dataset should include proper acknowledgement.
Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal
https://spdx.org/licenses/CC0-1.0.html
CC0-1.0
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf007
Tom Swamp Tract (Harvard Forest). Coordinates based on WGS84 datum.
-72.20
-72.20
+42.49
+42.49
320
320
meter
1990
2004
ongoing
Information Manager
Harvard Forest
324 North Main Street
Petersham
MA
01366
USA
(978) 724-3302
hf-im@lists.fas.harvard.edu
Harvard Forest
324 North Main Street
Petersham
MA
01366
USA
(978) 724-3302
(978) 724-3595
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu
Soil Bulk Density
For sample processing details, see the information for soil sampling in 1991. This file "HF DIRT in 1991" is listed in the Data Catalog under Sampling Information – Soils. Data given are expressed as Mg of oven-dry (105 deg C) soil per hectare. Data could not be expressed as wt/volume of soil because data for the volume of the greater than 5.6 mm material were not available. Mg/ha = mean Mg/ha per plot. Trtmt = treatment. Depth = Oea horizon or the 0-10 cm depth of mineral soil. se = + 1 standard error of the mean, calculated as: [standard deviation (sample) of the mean /square root of n]. n = number of samples.
Soil pH
Our method of pH determination was based on the method published in: Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3: Chemical Methods. 1996. Published by Soil Science Society of America, Inc., and American Society of Agronomy, Inc. Madison, WI, USA. We modified that method as follows: 1) Soils were mixed with 0.01M CaCl2 instead of water. 2) We used a 2:1 liquid:soil ratio for mineral soils and a 4:1 ratio for organic soils. Measurements were made using air-dry soil. pH was measured on replicate soil cores at each depth in each plot for Bousson Forest 1996 soils and for Univ. of Wisconsin Arboretum 1997 soils. Only one sample per depth per plot was measured for pH for the Harvard Forest 1991 and 1995 soils. Where replicate samples were measured, the average pH of the replicates and the standard error are given. Avg = mean of replicate samples. se = + 1 standard error of the mean, calculated as: [standard deviation (sample) of the mean /square root of n]. n = number of samples. trt = treatment (if given). blk = block (if given).
Root Mass Determination
After the Oea, 0-10 cm mineral and 10-15 cm mineral soils were passed through a 5.6 mm sieve (see Methods for 1991 soil sampling), the roots were picked out and separated into three categories. Two of the categories were fine tree roots and woody tree roots. The third category for the Oea soils was "tubers etc."roots (mainly Mianthemum canadense). The third category for the 0-10 cm soils was "herb" (herbaceous) roots, and for the 10-15 cm soils the third category was designated "other" roots. Roots were rinsed in reverse-osmosis quality water and dried at 70 deg C and weighed. Data were initially expressed as g oven-dry roots per surface area of soil, for each of the depths sampled. Oea data were calculated using a surface area of 225 cm2, the area of the 15 cm x 15cm template. Mineral soil calculations used an area of 20.78 cm2, the area of a 2" diameter core. These values were then scaled up and expressed as kg oven-dry roots per hectare, which is the format of the data file posted here. Data given: Avg = mean root mass expressed as kg/ha per plot for each category and depth//horizon. se = + 1 standard error of the mean, calculated as: [standard deviation (sample) of the mean /square root of n]. n = number of samples. trt = treatment (if given). blk = block (if given).
Soil Temperature
Soil temperature is collected hourly at 5 cm and 15 cm depths in the mineral soil each plot with a Campbell Scientific data logger and temperature probes. Data collection began on June 9, 1994 (Day of Year 159), and was collected continuously through December 1997. Gaps in data exist for much of 1997, 1998, and 1999 due to datalogger malfunction. Therefore, soil temperature data are not given for 1997 and 1998. The continuous data record resumed in April 1999. In August , 1999, Campbell Scientific probes were removed from No Roots and No Inputs plots (exception: probes were left intact in plot 8, No Roots). An Onset Optic Stowaway datalogger was installed in each No Roots and No Inputs plot to record soil temperature at 10 cm depth. These data are given from August 8, 1999 through October 30, 2001. On November 21, three probes previously installed in plots 4 and 16 (TOX) were mounted on a tree near each of these two plots at breast height, shielded from direct sun, to record air temperatures. These air temperature data are listed in the last (right-hand most) columns in all yearly soil temperature data files beginning November 1999.
On October 31, 2001, the rest of the plots received an Onset Optic Stowaway datalogger. Onset dataloggers in all 21 plots were positioned to record soil temperature at a depth of 12 cm. These data are included in the data files for November 2001 and after. NOTE: Frost heaving may partially eject probes from the soil and cause some probes to read air temperature. Probes are repositioned in early spring.
Data
Data presented are the average of hourly temperature readings for each day of the year. Hourly temperatures are also available in raw form. Data are given in deg C. Only data for functioning probes are given. Treatment: Block = block number. Plot = plot number. Depth = cm below mineral soil surface. Probe = denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = 12 or 15 cm as noted; air temp = probes recording air temperature at 1.4 m height above the ground. DOY = Day of year. YEAR. Soil temperature = expressed as deg C. Air temperature = expressed at deg C. nd = no data.
Soil Respiration
Soda Lime. In 1991, 1992, 1993, and 1994, soil respiration was measured using the soda lime technique (Edwards et al. 1982, Raich et al. 1990). Carbon dioxide emitted from soil was absorbed in 60 g of 105 deg C-oven-dry soda lime contained in an open tin on the soil surface, underneath a white plastic bucket approximately 20 cm tall and 28 cm in diameter. The bucket's upper surface was covered with aluminum foil to minimize solar heating. Rocks (~5 kg) placed on top of each bucket held it firmly against the forest floor. Buckets were seated no more than 1 cm deep to avoid severing live roots. After 24 hours, the soda lime tins were removed, oven-dried (105 deg C), and reweighed. CO2 efflux was measured simultaneously in all 21 plots on each collection date. The same location within each plot was sampled on each date. The weight gain of the soda lime during the 24 hours of CO2 absorption was used to calculate the CO2 efflux from the soil surface. Soil respiration was measured approximately once a week from May-September, and every two weeks or once per month in the fall and spring. The period of time over which measurements were made varied from year to year. Measurements were not made when snow covered the ground. Soda lime results underestimated high fluxes and overestimated low fluxes as compared with IRGA data collected in 1994. All soda lime collected data (1991-1994) have been corrected to IRGA-based numbers, according to the relationship between IRGA- and soda lime-measured fluxes in 1994.
Infrared Gas Analyzer (IRGA). In 1994, soil respiration data was collected with an IRGA (LI-COR model 6262) in addition to the soda lime measurements. The IRGA was fitted with a pump and chamber to create a closed-loop system. Measurements were made twice daily at the times of minimum and maximum flux (morning and afternoon). The two measurements were averaged to obtain daily soil CO2 flux. All soil respiration data from 1995 on were collected only with the IRGA.
Description of data. Average daily fluxes for each plot, expressed as mg CO2-C/m2/day, for each collection date.
Harvard Forest Long-Term Ecological Research
Harvard Forest
324 North Main Street
Petersham
MA
01366
USA
(978) 724-3302
(978) 724-3595
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu
https://ror.org/059cpzx98
pointOfContact
The Harvard Forest Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program examines ecological dynamics in the New England region resulting from natural disturbances, environmental change, and human impacts.
National Science Foundation LTER grants: DEB-8811764, DEB-9411975, DEB-0080592, DEB-0620443, DEB-1237491, DEB-1832210.
hf007-01-debris.csv
coarse woody debris
hf007-01-debris.csv
2289
fb6c7f498cddf352ee3ef7303b8a4157
1
\r\n
column
,
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p00/hf007/hf007-01-debris.csv
date
collection date
YYYY-MM-DD
plot
plot number
plot number
block
block number
block number
cwd.mass
coarse woody debris mass, oven-dry weight
gram
0.01
real
NA
missing value
cwd.per.m2
coarse woody debris density
gramsPerSquareMeter
0.01
real
NA
missing value
cwd.per.ha
coarse woody debris density
kilogramsPerHectare
0.01
real
NA
missing value
69
hf007-02-litterfall.csv
litterfall
hf007-02-litterfall.csv
2503
cf23d405dfb2500211fc000af67f3a49
1
\r\n
column
,
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p00/hf007/hf007-02-litterfall.csv
date
collection date
YYYY-MM-DD
lf.1.iii
litterfall mass by plot and block
kilogramsPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
lf.2.iii
litterfall mass by plot and block
kilogramsPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
lf.3.iii
litterfall mass by plot and block
kilogramsPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
lf.4.iii
litterfall mass by plot and block
kilogramsPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
lf.5.iii
litterfall mass by plot and block
kilogramsPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
lf.6.ii
litterfall mass by plot and block
kilogramsPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
lf.7.ii
litterfall mass by plot and block
kilogramsPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
lf.8.iii
litterfall mass by plot and block
kilogramsPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
lf.9.i
litterfall mass by plot and block
kilogramsPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
lf.10.ii
litterfall mass by plot and block
kilogramsPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
lf.11.ii
litterfall mass by plot and block
kilogramsPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
lf.12.i
litterfall mass by plot and block
kilogramsPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
lf.13.i
litterfall mass by plot and block
kilogramsPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
lf.14.i
litterfall mass by plot and block
kilogramsPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
lf.15.i
litterfall mass by plot and block
kilogramsPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
lf.16.i
litterfall mass by plot and block
kilogramsPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
lf.17.ii
litterfall mass by plot and block
kilogramsPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
lf.18.iii
litterfall mass by plot and block
kilogramsPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
lf.19.ii
litterfall mass by plot and block
kilogramsPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
lf.20.ii
litterfall mass by plot and block
kilogramsPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
lf.21.i
litterfall mass by plot and block
kilogramsPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
22
hf007-03-tree.csv
tree inventory
hf007-03-tree.csv
714
0a07bffdfa32c6ebb2aec23cb0109c44
1
\r\n
column
,
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p00/hf007/hf007-03-tree.csv
species
species name
species name
ba.1992
basal area of live trees by species, m2 tree basal area per m2 ground area in 1992
meterSquaredPerMeterSquared
0.001
real
NA
missing value
n.1992
number of live trees by species in 1992
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
ba.2001
basal area of live trees by species, m2 tree basal area per m2 ground area in 2001
meterSquaredPerMeterSquared
0.001
real
NA
missing value
n.2001
number of live trees by species in 2001
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
20
hf007-04-soil-moisture.csv
soil moisture
hf007-04-soil-moisture.csv
2847
352b5b5dfb7e4a0f6d5fb5cbec6bc9fb
1
\r\n
column
,
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p00/hf007/hf007-04-soil-moisture.csv
year
year collected
YYYY
doy
day of year
nominalDay
1
whole
soilm.2
soil moisture expressed as average cc H2O per cc soil - treatment 2X
cubicCentimetersPerCubicCentimeters
0.0001
real
NA
missing value
soilm.c
soil moisture expressed as average cc H2O per cc soil - treatment C
cubicCentimetersPerCubicCentimeters
0.0001
real
NA
missing value
soilm.ox
soil moisture expressed as average cc H2O per cc soil - treatment OX
cubicCentimetersPerCubicCentimeters
0.0001
real
NA
missing value
soilm.t
soil moisture expressed as average cc H2O per cc soil - treatment T
cubicCentimetersPerCubicCentimeters
0.0001
real
NA
missing value
soilm.tox
soil moisture expressed as average cc H2O per cc soil - treatment TOX
cubicCentimetersPerCubicCentimeters
0.0001
real
NA
missing value
soilm.oa
soil moisture expressed as average cc H2O per cc soil - treatment O/A-
cubicCentimetersPerCubicCentimeters
0.0001
real
NA
missing value
54
hf007-05-soil-temperature.csv
soil temperature
hf007-05-soil-temperature.csv
870247
e2fd1f3227b950cfa0f83ab9b21ed27b
1
\r\n
column
,
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p00/hf007/hf007-05-soil-temperature.csv
year
year collected
YYYY
doy
day of year
nominalDay
1
whole
soilt.1a
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.2a
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.3a
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.4a
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.5a
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.6a
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.7a
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.8a
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.9a
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.10a
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.11a
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.12a
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.13a
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.14a
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.15a
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.16a
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.17a
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.18a
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.19a
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.20a
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.21a
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.1b
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.2b
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.3b
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.4b
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.5b
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.6b
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.7b
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.8b
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.9b
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.10b
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.11b
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.12b
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.13b
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.14b
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.15b
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.16b
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.17b
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.18b
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.19b
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.20b
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.21b
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.1c
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.2c
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.3c
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.4c
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.5c
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.6c
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.7c
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.8c
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.9c
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.10c
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.11c
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.12c
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.13c
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.14c
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.15c
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.16c
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.17c
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.18c
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.19c
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.20c
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soilt.21c
soil temperature. Probe denoted by plot number and depth: a = 5 cm, b = 15 cm, c = Onset datalogger
celsius
0.01
real
NA
missing value
2890
hf007-06-soil-respiration.csv
soil respiration
hf007-06-soil-respiration.csv
14581
b9f44cf692481bef43086cb5792cb167
1
\r\n
column
,
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p00/hf007/hf007-06-soil-respiration.csv
year
year flux data collected
YYYY
doy
day of year
nominalDay
1
whole
flux.2x.1
average daily soil CO2 efflux by treatment (2X, C, OX, T, TOX, O/A-less) and chamber/plot number
milligramPerMeterSquaredPerHour
0.001
real
NA
missing value
flux.2x.2
average daily soil CO2 efflux by treatment (2X, C, OX, T, TOX, O/A-less) and chamber/plot number
milligramPerMeterSquaredPerHour
0.001
real
NA
missing value
flux.2x.3
average daily soil CO2 efflux by treatment (2X, C, OX, T, TOX, O/A-less) and chamber/plot number
milligramPerMeterSquaredPerHour
0.001
real
NA
missing value
flux.c.1
average daily soil CO2 efflux by treatment (2X, C, OX, T, TOX, O/A-less) and chamber/plot number
milligramPerMeterSquaredPerHour
0.001
real
NA
missing value
flux.c.2
average daily soil CO2 efflux by treatment (2X, C, OX, T, TOX, O/A-less) and chamber/plot number
milligramPerMeterSquaredPerHour
0.001
real
NA
missing value
flux.c.3
average daily soil CO2 efflux by treatment (2X, C, OX, T, TOX, O/A-less) and chamber/plot number
milligramPerMeterSquaredPerHour
0.001
real
NA
missing value
flux.c.4
average daily soil CO2 efflux by treatment (2X, C, OX, T, TOX, O/A-less) and chamber/plot number
milligramPerMeterSquaredPerHour
0.001
real
NA
missing value
flux.c.5
average daily soil CO2 efflux by treatment (2X, C, OX, T, TOX, O/A-less) and chamber/plot number
milligramPerMeterSquaredPerHour
0.001
real
NA
missing value
flux.c.6
average daily soil CO2 efflux by treatment (2X, C, OX, T, TOX, O/A-less) and chamber/plot number
milligramPerMeterSquaredPerHour
0.001
real
NA
missing value
flux.ox.1
average daily soil CO2 efflux by treatment (2X, C, OX, T, TOX, O/A-less) and chamber/plot number
milligramPerMeterSquaredPerHour
0.001
real
NA
missing value
flux.ox.2
average daily soil CO2 efflux by treatment (2X, C, OX, T, TOX, O/A-less) and chamber/plot number
milligramPerMeterSquaredPerHour
0.001
real
NA
missing value
flux.ox.3
average daily soil CO2 efflux by treatment (2X, C, OX, T, TOX, O/A-less) and chamber/plot number
milligramPerMeterSquaredPerHour
0.001
real
NA
missing value
flux.t.1
average daily soil CO2 efflux by treatment (2X, C, OX, T, TOX, O/A-less) and chamber/plot number
milligramPerMeterSquaredPerHour
0.001
real
NA
missing value
flux.t.2
average daily soil CO2 efflux by treatment (2X, C, OX, T, TOX, O/A-less) and chamber/plot number
milligramPerMeterSquaredPerHour
0.001
real
NA
missing value
flux.t.3
average daily soil CO2 efflux by treatment (2X, C, OX, T, TOX, O/A-less) and chamber/plot number
milligramPerMeterSquaredPerHour
0.001
real
NA
missing value
flux.tox.1
average daily soil CO2 efflux by treatment (2X, C, OX, T, TOX, O/A-less) and chamber/plot number
milligramPerMeterSquaredPerHour
0.001
real
NA
missing value
flux.tox.2
average daily soil CO2 efflux by treatment (2X, C, OX, T, TOX, O/A-less) and chamber/plot number
milligramPerMeterSquaredPerHour
0.001
real
NA
missing value
flux.tox.3
average daily soil CO2 efflux by treatment (2X, C, OX, T, TOX, O/A-less) and chamber/plot number
milligramPerMeterSquaredPerHour
0.001
real
NA
missing value
flux.oa.1
average daily soil CO2 efflux by treatment (2X, C, OX, T, TOX, O/A-less) and chamber/plot number
milligramPerMeterSquaredPerHour
0.001
real
NA
missing value
flux.oa.2
average daily soil CO2 efflux by treatment (2X, C, OX, T, TOX, O/A-less) and chamber/plot number
milligramPerMeterSquaredPerHour
0.001
real
NA
missing value
flux.oa.3
average daily soil CO2 efflux by treatment (2X, C, OX, T, TOX, O/A-less) and chamber/plot number
milligramPerMeterSquaredPerHour
0.001
real
NA
missing value
120
hf007-07-root-mass.csv
root mass
hf007-07-root-mass.csv
2032
e2eb50cb17fe980df6036f227146aa6d
1
\r\n
column
,
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p00/hf007/hf007-07-root-mass.csv
plot
plot number
plot number
fine10.avg
mean mass of fine tree roots at 0- 10 cm. Mean root mass per plot, category, and depth//horizon
kilogramsPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
fine10.se
standard error of fine tree root mass at 0 - 10 cm. + 1 standard error of the mean, calculated as: [standard deviation (sample) of the mean /square root of n]
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
fine10.n
number of samples - fine tree roots at 0 -10 cm
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
woody10.avg
mean mass of woody tree roots at 0- 10 cm. Mean root mass per plot, category, and depth//horizon
kilogramsPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
woody10.se
standard error of woody tree root mass at 0 - 10 cm. + 1 standard error of the mean, calculated as: [standard deviation (sample) of the mean /square root of n]
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
woody10.n
number of samples - woody tree roots at 0 - 10 cm
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
herb10.avg
mean mass of herbaceous roots at 0- 10 cm. Mean root mass per plot, category, and depth//horizon
kilogramsPerHectare
0.1
real
NA
missing value
herb10.se
standard error of herbaceous root mass at 0 - 10 cm. + 1 standard error of the mean, calculated as: [standard deviation (sample) of the mean /square root of n]
number
0.1
real
NA
missing value
herb10.n
number of samples - herbaceous roots at 0 - 10 cm
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
fine15.avg
mean mass of fine tree roots at 10 - 15 cm. Mean root mass per plot, category, and depth//horizon
kilogramsPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
fine15.se
standard error of fine tree root mass at 10 - 15 cm. + 1 standard error of the mean, calculated as: [standard deviation (sample) of the mean /square root of n]
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
fine15.n
number of samples - fine tree roots at 10 - 15 cm
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
woody15.avg
mean mass of woody tree roots at 10 - 15 cm. Mean root mass per plot, category, and depth//horizon
kilogramsPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
woody15.se
standard error of woody tree root mass at 10 - 15 cm. + 1 standard error of the mean, calculated as: [standard deviation (sample) of the mean /square root of n]
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
woody15.n
number of samples - woody tree roots at 10 - 15 cm
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
other15.avg
mean mass of roots not in fine tree or woody tree categories. Mean root mass per plot, category, and depth//horizon
kilogramsPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
other15.se
standard error of mean mass of roots not in fine tree or woody tree categories at 10 - 15 cm. + 1 standard error of the mean, calculated as: [standard deviation (sample) of the mean /square root of n]
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
other15.n
number of samples - roots not in fine tree or woody tree categories at 10 - 15 cm
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
fineo.avg
mean mass of fine tree roots in Oea soils. Mean root mass per plot, category, and depth//horizon
kilogramsPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
fineo.se
standard error of fine tree root mass in Oea soils. + 1 standard error of the mean, calculated as: [standard deviation (sample) of the mean /square root of n]
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
fineo.n
number of samples - fine tree roots in Oea soils
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
woodyo.avg
mean mass of woody tree roots in Oea soils. Mean root mass per plot, category, and depth//horizon
kilogramsPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
woodyo.se
standard error of woody tree root mass in Oea soils. + 1 standard error of the mean, calculated as: [standard deviation (sample) of the mean /square root of n]
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
woodyo.n
number of samples - woody tree roots in Oea soils
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
tubero.avg
mean mass of tuberous roots in Oea soils. Mean root mass per plot, category, and depth//horizon
kilogramsPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
tubero.se
standard error of tuberous root mass in Oea soils. + 1 standard error of the mean, calculated as: [standard deviation (sample) of the mean /square root of n]
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
tubero.n
number of samples - tuberous roots in Oea soils
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
21
hf007-08-soil-prop-1990.csv
soil properties - 1990
hf007-08-soil-prop-1990.csv
975
385d2a0f8005f32be55c25b50daf5738
1
\r\n
column
,
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p00/hf007/hf007-08-soil-prop-1990.csv
date
date soils were collected
YYYY-MM-DD
type
source of sample
Pit
pit
Plot
plot
num
pit or plot number
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
depth
depth or soil horizon
depth or soil horizon
avg.per.c
% soil C, average of replicates
number
0.01
real
NA
missing value
se.per.c
standard error of the mean of % C
number
0.01
real
NA
missing value
n.per.c
number of replicates
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
avg.per.n
% soil N, average of replicates
number
0.01
real
NA
missing value
se.per.n
standard error of the mean of % N
number
0.01
real
NA
missing value
n.per.n
number of replicates
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
19
hf007-09-soil-prop-1991.csv
soil properties 1991
hf007-09-soil-prop-1991.csv
4623
afbbbf2a528de8e602cfc7b54e3a1108
1
\r\n
column
,
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p00/hf007/hf007-09-soil-prop-1991.csv
date
date soils were collected
YYYY-MM-DD
plot
plot number
plot number
treatment
treatment
treatment
depth
depth or soil horizon
depth or soil horizon
ph
see method for pH
number
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soil.mass
soil carbon and nitrogen content
gramsPerSquareMeter
1
whole
NA
missing value
se.soil.mass
standard error of soil carbon and nitrogen content
gramsPerSquareMeter
1
whole
NA
missing value
avg.per.c
% soil C, average of replicates
dimensionless
0.01
real
NA
missing value
se.per.c
standard error of the mean of % C
dimensionless
0.01
real
NA
missing value
avg.per.n
% soil N, average of replicates
dimensionless
0.01
real
NA
missing value
se.per.n
standard error of the mean of % N
dimensionless
0.01
real
NA
missing value
avg.d.15n
average d 15 nitrogen, expressed as positive or negative deviation from the atmospheric standard
dimensionless
0.1
real
NA
missing value
sem.d.15n
sem of d 15 nitrogen
dimensionless
0.01
real
NA
missing value
avg.d.13c
average of d 13 carbon, expressed as positive or negative deviation from the PDB standard
dimensionless
0.01
real
NA
missing value
sem.d.13c
sem of of d 13 carbon
dimensionless
0.01
real
NA
missing value
63
hf007-10-soil-prop-1995.csv
soil properties - 1995
hf007-10-soil-prop-1995.csv
11783
5dd697c8453496d1da0a2987e66479fe
1
\r\n
column
,
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p00/hf007/hf007-10-soil-prop-1995.csv
samp
unique sample number
unique sample number
depth
depth or horizon
Oea
Oea organic horizon
0-10 cm
0-10 cm mineral soil
treatment
treatment (2X, C, OX, T, TOX, O/A-less)
treatment
plot
plot number
plot number
rep
replicate sample from plot
replicate sample from plot
db.0to10
bulk density
gramsPerCubicCentimeter
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soild
soil weight per meter squared. Used sample weight to calculate mass/area for Oea soils, because Db was not measured directly. Mineral soil: soil mass is calculated as Db * 105
kilogramsPerSquareMeter
1
whole
NA
missing value
ashfree.dw.per
% ash-free dry weight
number
0.1
real
NA
missing value
ashfreec.est.per
estimated % ash-free % carbon; calculated as (% ash free dry weight)/2
number
0.01
real
NA
missing value
c.per
% C determined by Elemental Analyzer
number
0.1
real
NA
missing value
n.per
% N determined by Elemental Analyzer
number
0.01
real
NA
missing value
c.n
ratio of %C/%N
number
0.01
real
NA
missing value
soil.c
soil carbon content, g C per m2 ground area
gramsPerSquareMeter
1
whole
NA
missing value
soil.n
Soil nitrogen content, g N per m2 ground area
gramsPerSquareMeter
1
whole
NA
missing value
exch.ca
exchangeable calcium, centimoles of charge per kg dry weight soil
centimolePerKilogram
0.01
real
NA
missing value
exch.mg
exchangeable magnesium, centimoles of charge per kg dry weight soil
centimolePerKilogram
0.01
real
NA
missing value
exch.k
exchangeable potassium, centimoles of charge per kg dry weight soil
centimolePerKilogram
0.01
real
NA
missing value
exch.na
exchangeable sodium, centimoles of charge per kg dry weight soil
centimolePerKilogram
0.01
real
NA
missing value
exch.bases
sum of exchangeable cations, centimoles of charge per kg dry weight soil
centimolePerKilogram
0.01
real
NA
missing value
exch.al
exchangeable aluminum, centimoles of charge per kg dry weight soil
centimolePerKilogram
0.01
real
NA
missing value
exch.h
exchangeable acidity (H+), centimoles of charge per kg dry weight soil
centimolePerKilogram
0.01
real
NA
missing value
total.acidity
exchangeable acidity + exchangeable aluminum
centimolePerKilogram
0.01
real
NA
missing value
cec
sum of exchangeable bases and acidity
centimolePerKilogram
0.01
real
NA
missing value
base.sat
(Exchangeable bases* 100)/CEC
number
0.1
real
NA
missing value
ph
see method for pH
number
0.01
real
NA
missing value
h
[H+],the inverse log of pH
number
0.0001
real
NA
missing value
99
hf007-11-soil-prop-2000.csv
soil properties - 2000
hf007-11-soil-prop-2000.csv
3507
b10dd39e6887bc189ef3cd830ef00ac1
1
\r\n
column
,
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p00/hf007/hf007-11-soil-prop-2000.csv
type
sample type
sample type
treatment
treatment
treatment
plot
plot number
plot number
rep
replicate sample from plot
replicate sample from plot
horizon
depth or horizon
Oea
Oea organic horizon
0-10cm
0-10 cm mineral soil
c.per
% C corrected for 105 deg soil wt
number
0.01
real
NA
missing value
n.per
% N corrected for 105 deg soil wt
number
0.01
real
NA
missing value
117
hf007-12-plot-key.csv
plot key
hf007-12-plot-key.csv
1105
e2724272436782f0e3ea26873afc9960
1
\r\n
column
,
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p00/hf007/hf007-12-plot-key.csv
plot
plot number
plot number
treatment
treatment
treatment
block
block number
block number
description
treatment description
treatment description
21
plot
soil
long-term measurement
https://dirtnet.wordpress.com/
meterSquaredPerMeterSquared
milligramPerMeterSquaredPerHour
centimolePerKilogram