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Linking Community Dynamics and Ecosystem Function

HF035 EML Publications Archive

Data

  • hf035-01: exp 1 - seedling demography
  • hf035-02: exp 1 - seedling age structure
  • hf035-03: exp 1 - plot environmental conditions
  • hf035-04: exp 1 - seed rain
  • hf035-05: exp 2 - seedling demography and growth
  • hf035-06: exp 3 - seedling demography
  • hf035-07: exp 3 - seedling growth
  • hf035-08: exp 3 - plot environmental conditions
  • hf035-09: exp 4 - individual seedling growth
  • hf035-10: exp 4 - seedling growth in stands
  • hf035-11: exp 5 - leaf level photosynthesis
  • hf035-12: exp 6 - canopy fluxes and micrometeorology
  • hf035-13: exp 6 - leaf level gas exchange

Overview

  • Lead: Sebastian Catovsky, Fakhri Bazzaz
  • Investigators:
  • Contact: Emery Boose
  • Start date: 1996-01-01
  • End date: 2000-12-31
  • Location: Prospect Hill Tract (Harvard Forest)
  • Latitude: +42.53
  • Longitude: -72.18
  • Elevation: 340 meters
  • Taxa: Acer rubrum (red maple), Acer saccharum (sugar maple), Betula alleghaniensis (yellow birch), Picea rubra (red spruce), Pinus strobus (white pine), Tsuga canadensis (hemlock)
  • Research topic: community
  • Study type: short-term measurement
  • LTER core area: populations, disturbance
  • Keywords: community patterns, litter, nitrogen, regeneration
  • Release date: 2000
  • EML version: knb-lter-hfr.35.9
  • Revisions:
  • Related links:
  • Abstract:

    Human activities are effecting profound changes in the structure and function of natural ecosystems. A comprehensive understanding of current ecosystem dynamics and future responses to global change requires an integrated investigation of ecological processes at many levels of organization. My thesis research addressed this goal by examining interactions between community- and ecosystem-level dynamics in mixed conifer broad-leaved forests in eastern North America. I addressed the nature of canopy-seedling feedbacks in mixed forests by relating seedling regeneration patterns in contrasting stand types to understory conditions (EXPERIMENT 1), and by directly manipulating resource availability to separate the individual effects of particular resources (EXPERIMENT 2). To investigate how nitrogen deposition will influence future forest composition, I examined the impact of increased nitrogen availability on regeneration of both coniferous and broad-leaved tree species under both closed canopy (EXPERIMENT 3) and simulated gap (EXPERIMENT 4) conditions. Future changes in forest composition might then influence whole-ecosystem productivity. I used two scaling approaches (leaf-level aggregation, EXPERIMENT 5; whole-tree sap flow, EXPERIMENT 6), I examined how the dominant coniferous and broad-leaved species in mixed temperate forests differed in their contributions to canopy-level photosynthesis.

  • Methods:
  • Use:

    This dataset is released to the public and may be freely downloaded. Please keep the designated Contact person informed of any plans to use the dataset. Consultation or collaboration with the original investigators is strongly encouraged. Publications and data products that make use of the dataset must include proper acknowledgement. For more information on LTER Network data access and use policies, please see: http://www.lternet.edu/data/netpolicy.html.

  • Citation:

    Catovsky S, Bazzaz F. 2000. Linking Community Dynamics and Ecosystem Function. Harvard Forest Data Archive: HF035.

Detailed Metadata

hf035-01: exp 1 - seedling demography

  1. Year: year of study (1997 - 1999) (YYYY)
  2. Stand: stand type (Hemlock, Red oak), with dominant species contributing more than 50 % basal area
    • Hemlock: Hemlock
    • Red oak: Red oak
  3. Site: site number
  4. Plot: plot number
  5. Species: species code
    • ACRU: red maple
    • BEAL: birch
    • PIST: white pine
    • QURU: red oak
    • TSCA: hemlock
  6. Cohort: month that seedlings emerged
    • June: June
    • July: July
    • Aug: August
  7. June: number of surviving seedlings in each cohort in June (number )
  8. July: number of surviving seedlings in each cohort in July (number )
  9. Aug: number of surviving seedlings in each cohort in August (number )
  10. Sept: number of surviving seedlings in each cohort in September (number )

hf035-02: exp 1 - seedling age structure

  1. Year: year of study (1997 - 1999) (YYYY)
  2. Stand: stand type (Hemlock, Red oak), with dominant species contributing more than 50 % basal area
    • Hemlock: Hemlock
    • Red oak: Red oak
  3. Site: site number
  4. Plot: plot number
  5. Species: species code
    • ACRU: red maple
    • BEAL: birch
    • PIST: white pine
    • QURU: red oak
    • TSCA: hemlock
  6. Age1: number of one year old seedlings at end of growing season (number )
  7. Age2: number of two year old seedlings at end of growing season (number )
  8. Age3: number of three year old seedlings at end of growing season (number )
  9. Age4: number of four year old seedlings at end of growing season (number )
  10. Age5: number of five year old seedlings at end of growing season (number )
  11. Age6: number of six year old seedlings at end of growing season (number )
  12. Age7: number of seven year old seedlings at end of growing season (number )
  13. Age+: number of seedlings older than seven years old but smaller than 50 cm height (i.e., saplings) at end of growing season (number )

hf035-03: exp 1 - plot environmental conditions

  1. Stand: stand type (Hemlock, Red oak), with dominant species contributing more than 50 % basal area
    • Hemlock: Hemlock
    • Red oak: Red oak
  2. Site: site number
  3. Plot: plot number
  4. %PAR(1m): light availability at 1 m height (number )
  5. %PAR(5cm): light availability at 5 cm height (number )
  6. Mineralization: nitrogen mineralization rate as assessed by buried bag technique (milligramsPerKilogramPerMonth )
  7. ResinNH: ammonium availability assessed by ion exchange resin bags (milligramsPerKilogram )
  8. ResinNO: nitrate availability assessed by ion exchange resin bags (milligramsPerKilogram )
  9. OWater: volumetric water content averaged over 1997 and 1999 in O horizon (cubicCentimetersPerCubicCentimeters )
  10. MinWater: volumetric water content averaged over 1997 and 1999 in mineral horizon (to 15 cm depth) (cubicCentimetersPerCubicCentimeters )
  11. pH: soil pH in O horizon (number )
  12. Odepth: depth of O horizon (centimeter )
  13. LitterD: depth of litter layer (centimeter )
  14. ConiferLitter: dry weight of conifer litter fall (gramsPerSquareMeter )
  15. BroadLitter: Dry weight of broad-leaved litter fall (gramsPerSquareMeter )

hf035-04: exp 1 - seed rain

  1. Year: year of collection (1997, 1998) (YYYY)
  2. Stand: stand type (Hemlock, Red oak), with dominant species contributing more than 50 % basal area
    • Hemlock: Hemlock
    • Red oak: Red oak
  3. Site: site number
  4. Plot: plot number
  5. Species: species code
    • ACRU: red maple
    • BEAL: yellow/black birch
    • BEPA: paper/grey birch
    • QURU: red oak
    • TSCA: hemlock
  6. Rain: seed rain adjacent to plot (squareMeter )

hf035-05: exp 2 - seedling demography and growth

  1. Transect: transect number
  2. Plot: plot number
  3. Light: light treatment
    • High: 50 % PAR
    • Low: 1.5 % PAR
  4. Soil: soil treatments
    • Control: control
    • Nitrogen: 5 g N m-2 yr-1
    • pH: 1 Kg lime m-2 yr-1
  5. Species: species codes
    • BEAL: birch
    • Herb: blackberry, wintergreen, blueberry
    • PIST: white pine
    • TSCA: hemlock
  6. Emerging: number of seedlings per soil divot coming up from soil seed bank (number )
  7. Surviving: number of seedlings surviving until the end of the growing season (number )
  8. Biomass: mean biomass (g) of seedlings surviving until end of growing season; NA shows no seedlings survived (gram )

hf035-06: exp 3 - seedling demography

  1. Treatment: experimental treatments
    • Seed addition: seed addition
    • Natural regeneration: natural regeneration
    • Planted seedlings: planted seedlings
  2. Year: year of study (1998, 1999) (YYYY)
  3. Stand: stand type (Hemlock, Red oak), with dominant species contributing more than 50 % basal area
    • Hemlock: Hemlock
    • Red oak: Red oak
  4. Site: site number
  5. Nitrogen: Nitrogen addition level
    • 0: no nitrogen added
    • 2: 2.5 g N m-2 yr-1 added
    • 7: 7.5 g N m-2 yr-1 added
  6. Plot: plot number
  7. Species: species code
    • ACRU: red maple
    • ACSA: sugar maple
    • BEAL: birch
    • PIRU: red spruce
    • PIST: white pine
    • TSCA: hemlock
  8. Age: seedling age (1 to 2 years old)
  9. Cohort: month that seedlings emerged
    • July: July
    • June: June
    • Aug: August
    • NA: seedlings more than one year old that no longer are assigned to a cohort
  10. June: number of surviving seedlings in each cohort in June (number )
  11. July: number of surviving seedlings in each cohort in July (number )
  12. Aug: number of surviving seedlings in each cohort in August (number )
  13. Sept: number of surviving seedlings in each cohort in September (number )
  14. Oct: number of surviving seedlings in each cohort in October (number )
  15. Winter: number of surviving seedlings in each cohort over winter (number )

hf035-07: exp 3 - seedling growth

  1. Treatment: experimental treatments
    • Seed addition: seed addition
    • Natural regeneration: natural regeneration
    • Planted seedlings: planted seedlings
  2. Stand: stand type (Hemlock, Red oak), with dominant species contributing more than 50 % basal area
    • Hemlock: Hemlock
    • Red oak: Red oak
  3. Site: site number
  4. Nitrogen: Nitrogen addition level
    • 0: no nitrogen added
    • 2: 2.5 g N m-2 yr-1 added
    • 7: 7.5 g N m-2 yr-1 added
  5. Plot: plot number
  6. Species: species code
    • ACRU: red maple
    • ACSA: sugar maple
    • BEAL: birch
    • PIRU: red spruce
    • PIST: white pine
    • TSCA: hemlock
  7. Age: seedling age (1 - 6 years old)
  8. Leaf: final seedling leaf biomass (mg); missing for Seed addition and Natural regeneration treatments (milligram )
  9. Stem: final seedling stem biomass (mg); missing for Seed addition and Natural regeneration treatments (milligram )
  10. Root: final seedling root biomass (mg); missing for Seed addition and Natural regeneration treatments (milligram )
  11. Total: final seedling total biomass (mg) (milligram )

hf035-08: exp 3 - plot environmental conditions

  1. Stand: stand type (Hemlock, Red oak), with dominant species contributing more than 50 % basal area
    • Hemlock: Hemlock
    • Red oak: Red oak
  2. Site: site number
  3. N: nitrogen addition level
    • 0: no nitrogen added
    • 2: 2.5 g N m-2 yr-1 added
    • 7: 7.5 g N m-2 yr-1 added
  4. Plot: plot number
  5. pH: soil pH in O horizon (number )
  6. Water: volumetric water content in O horizon (cubicCentimetersPerCubicCentimeters )
  7. PARCanopy: % penetration of light through canopy layer (top of canopy to 1 m) (number )
  8. PARHerb: % penetration of light through herbaceous layer (1 m to 5 cm) (number )
  9. NH4: ammonium availability assessed by ion exchange resin bags (milligramsPerKilogram )
  10. NO3: nitrate availability assessed by ion exchange resin bags (milligramsPerKilogram )

hf035-09: exp 4 - individual seedling growth

  1. Soil: soil type (from Hemlock or Red oak dominated stand), with dominant species contributing more than 50 % basal area
    • Red oak: Red oak
    • Hemlock: Hemlock
  2. Site: site number
  3. Species: species code
    • ACRU: red maple
    • ACSA: sugar maple
    • BEAL: yellow birch
    • PIRU: red spruce
    • PIST: white pine
    • TSCA: hemlock
  4. Nitrogen: nitrogen addition level
    • 0: no nitrogen added
    • 2: 2.5 g N m-2 yr-1 added
    • 7: 7.5 g N m-2 yr-1 added
  5. Block: block number
  6. Leaf: final seedling leaf biomass (gram )
  7. Stem: final seedling stem biomass (gram )
  8. Root: final seedling root biomass (gram )
  9. Total: final seedling total biomass (gram )
  10. N.weight: foliar nitrogen concentration on a weight basis (milligramsPerGram )
  11. N.area: foliar nitrogen concentration on an area basis (milligramsPerSquareCentimeter )

hf035-10: exp 4 - seedling growth in stands

  1. Soil: soil type (from Hemlock or Red oak dominated stand), with dominant species contributing more than 50 % basal area
    • Hm: hemlock
    • Hd: red oak
  2. Site: site number
  3. Nitrogen: Nitrogen addition level - 0, 2.5, 7.5 g N m-2 yr-1
    • 0: no nitrogen added
    • 2: 2.5 g N m-2 yr-1 added
    • 7: 7.5 g N m-2 yr-1 added
  4. Block: block number
  5. Species: species code
    • ACRU: red maple
    • ACSA: sugar maple
    • BEAL: yellow birch
    • PIRU: red spruce
    • PIST: white pine
    • TSCA: hemlock
  6. Rep: replicate within stand
  7. Stand#: individual stand identification
  8. Leaf: final seedling leaf biomass (gram )
  9. Stem: final seedling stem biomass (gram )
  10. Root: final seedling root biomass (gram )
  11. Total: final seedling total biomass (gram )

hf035-11: exp 5 - leaf level photosynthesis

  1. MONTH: month of measurement
    • June: June
    • Aug: August
  2. SITE: site number
  3. SPECIES: species code
    • ACRU: red maple
    • QURU: red oak
    • TSCA: hemlock
  4. LAYER: canopy layer
    • 1: upper
    • 2: middle
    • 3: lower
  5. AGE: age classes for hemlock needles shown as year of leaf formation (1996, 1995, 1994); broad-leaved species shown with a "NA"
  6. SUN-SHADE: sunlit or shaded leaves
    • SUN: sunlit leaves
    • SHADE: shaded leaves
  7. PHOTO: instantaneous leaf-level photosynthetic rate (micromolesPerMeterSquaredPerSecond )
  8. LIGHT: Photosynthetically active radiation falling on individual leaves (micromolesPerMeterSquaredPerSecond )

hf035-12: exp 6 - canopy fluxes and micrometeorology

  1. Day: Julian day (DDD)
  2. Time: time of day (hhmm)
  3. SapTSCA: hemlock sap flow (average of three trees) scaled to projected canopy area (millimolesPerMeterSquaredPerSecond )
  4. SapACRU: red maple sap flow (average of three trees) scaled to projected canopy area (millimolesPerMeterSquaredPerSecond )
  5. SapQURU: red oak sap flow (average of three trees) scaled to projected canopy area (millimolesPerMeterSquaredPerSecond )
  6. PhotoTSCA: hemlock photosynthesis (average of three trees) scaled to projected canopy area (micromolesPerMeterSquaredPerSecond )
  7. PhotoACRU: red maple photosynthesis (average of three trees) scaled to projected canopy area; times when trees were leafless shown as "NA" (micromolesPerMeterSquaredPerSecond )
  8. PhotoQURU: red oak photosynthesis (average of three trees) scaled to projected canopy area; times when trees were leafless shown as "NA" (micromolesPerMeterSquaredPerSecond )
  9. AirT: air temperature (celsius )
  10. RH: Relative humidity, % (number )
  11. Wind1: wind speed in upper canopy (metersPerSecond )
  12. Wind2: wind speed in lower canopy (metersPerSecond )
  13. T1TSCA: hemlock leaf temperature in upper canopy (celsius )
  14. T2TSCA: hemlock leaf temperature in lower canopy (celsius )
  15. T1ACRU: red maple leaf temperature in upper canopy; times when trees were leafless shown as "NA" (celsius )
  16. T2ACRU: red maple leaf temperature in lower canopy; times when trees were leafless shown as "NA" (celsius )
  17. T1QURU: red oak leaf temperature in upper canopy; times when trees were leafless shown as "NA" (celsius )
  18. T2QURU: red oak leaf temperature in lower canopy; times when trees were leafless shown as "NA" (celsius )

hf035-13: exp 6 - leaf level gas exchange

  1. Month: month of measurement
    • May: May
    • July: July
    • Sept: September
  2. Species: species code
    • ACRU: red maple
    • QURU: red oak
    • TSCA: hemlock
  3. Tree: tree number
  4. Layer: canopy layer
    • Lower: lower
    • Upper: upper
  5. Age: age classes for hemlock needles shown as year of leaf formation (1999, 1998, 1997); broad-leaved species shown with a "NA"
  6. Photo: instantaneous leaf-level photosynthetic rate (micromolesPerMeterSquaredPerSecond )
  7. Cond: instantaneous leaf-level conductance (molesPerMeterSquaredPerSecond )
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