Land Use and Forest Dynamics at Harvard Forest



	Land Use and Forest Dynamics at Harvard Forest HF015 EML Publications Archive Data hf015-01: plots hf015-02: trees hf015-03: understory hf015-04: mosses hf015-05: soils hf015-06: Prospect Hill 1992 species list Overview Lead: David Foster, Glenn Motzkin Investigators: Arthur Allen, Paul Wilson Contact: David Foster Start date: 1937-01-01 End date: 1995-12-31 Location: Prospect Hill Tract (Harvard Forest) Latitude: +42.53 to +42.55 Longitude: -72.20 to -72.17 Elevation: 280 to 420 meters Taxa: Research topic: historical, community, soil Study type: short-term measurement, modeling LTER core area: inorganic nutrients, disturbance Keywords: land-use history, soil Release date: 2003 EML version: knb-lter-hfr.15.9 Revisions: Related links: Abstract: Modern vegetation patterns have developed as a result of species response to environmental gradients, disturbance history, and biotic interactions. However, the relative importance of environmental versus historical factors in determining modern species distributions may differ from site to site and may change with increasing time since disturbance. In addition, life-forms may differ in their response to environmental versus historical disturbance gradients. In the current study, we relate vegetation patterns across the Prospect Hill Tract of Harvard Forest to variability in edaphic factors and disturbance histories. Modern species distribution patterns are related to both edaphic and disturbance gradients. Although species respond individualistically to edaphic and disturbance gradients, land-use history, soil drainage, and C:N ratio are good predictors of the distribution of many species. In contrast, 1938 hurricane damage is less important. Vascular species richness is related to historical land-use, with fewer species in historical woodlots than on former agricultural sites. This is contrary to what has been reported from several other studies, and may reflect the dominance of historical woodlots in the study area by hemlock, a species that creates environmental (i.e. light and soil) conditions that are unsuitable for many species. Historical land-use does not appear to influence bryophyte species richness, although the distributions of several species do follow patterns of land-use. Species richness also varies according to soil drainage, with higher bryophyte, herb, and shrub richness and lower overstory and understory tree richness on wetter sites. Methods: Vascular vegetation was sampled on 269 1/8th acre (22.5 x 22.5 m) plots and bryophytes were sampled on a subset of 105 plots. Many of the plots had been previously sampled in 1937 as part of the Harvard Forest inventory. A comprehensive data set of edaphic variables developed for these plots includes soil drainage, texture, organic matter content, bulk density, pH, CEC, base saturation, cation concentrations, and C:N ratio. Field and archival records were used to summarize disturbance histories for each plot, including historical land-use, date of abandonment, 1938 hurricane damage, and fire and forest management history. Use: This dataset is released to the public and may be freely downloaded. Please keep the designated Contact person informed of any plans to use the dataset. Consultation or collaboration with the original investigators is strongly encouraged. Publications and data products that make use of the dataset must include proper acknowledgement. For more information on LTER Network data access and use policies, please see: http://www.lternet.edu/data/netpolicy.html. Citation: Foster D, Motzkin G. 2003. Land Use and Forest Dynamics at Harvard Forest. Harvard Forest Data Archive: HF015. Detailed Metadata hf015-01: plots PLOT: sampling plot number ASPECT: aspect measured by compass (degrees) (number ) SLOPE: slope (degrees) (number ) POSITION: landscape position RELIEF: relief ROCKS: cover-abundance of rocks 0: none 1: less than 1% 2: 1-3% 3: less than 5% 4: 5-15% 5: 16-25% 6: 26-50% 7: 51-75% 8: greater than 75% HURRICANE: 1938 hurricane damage (1-6) FIRE1957: 1957 fire 1: Y 2: N ABANDON: abandonment date for sites that were cleared for agriculture. After Foster map of abandonment in HF Archives. (YYYY) SERIES: soil series 1: Canton loam 2: Whitman loam 3: Montauk fine sandy loam 4: Scituate loam 5: Charlton loam 6: Brookfield loam 7: peat 8: Agawam fine sandy loam 9: Windsor loamy sand 10: rock outcrop 11: shallow peat 12: made land 13: Freetown muck 14: Chatfield fine sandy loam USE: most intensive historical land-use 1: cultivated 2: improved pasture 3: unimproved pasture 4: woodlot DRAINAGE: soil drainage 1: somewhat excessively drained 2: well drained 3: woodlot 4: poorly drained 5: very poorly drained 6: somewhat poorly drained PLANTATION: plantation 1: yes 0: no SCS: SCS (NRCS) soils analyses conducted 1: yes 0: no MOSS: plots in which bryophytes were sampled 1: yes 0: no hf015-02: trees PLOT: plot number SPECIES: species code ACPE: Acer pensylvanicum ACRU: Acer rubrum ACSA: Acer saccharum ACSP: Acer spicatum AM: Amelanchier sp. ARSP: Aralia spinosa BEAL: Betula alleghaniensis BELE: Betula lenta BEPA: Betula papyrifera BEPO: Betula populifolia CADE: Castanea dentata FAGR: Fagus grandifolia FRAM: Fraxinus americana FRNI: Fraxinus nigra JUVI: Juniperus virginiana MA: Malus sp. NYSY: Nyssa sylvatica OSVI: Ostrya virginiana PH: Phellodendron sp. PI: Picea sp. PIRE: Pinus resinosa PIRU: Picea rubens PIST: Pinus strobus PISY: Pinus sylvestris PO: Polygonum sp. POGR: Populus grandidentata POTR: Populus tremuloides PRPE: Prunus pensylvanica PRSE: Prunus serotina QUAL: Quercus alba QURU: Quercus rubra REDpi: ? SOAM: Sorbus americana THOC: Thuja occidentalis TIAM: Tilia americana TSCA: Tsuga canadensis UL: Ulmus sp. UN: Unknown sp. DIAMETER: diameter at breast height (centimeter ) STATUS: status L: live D: dead SPROUTS: sprouts were assigned the same number hf015-03: understory PLOT: sampling plot number ACPE: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present ACRU: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present ACSA: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present AG: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present AR: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present ARNU: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present ARTR: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present AS: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present ASAC: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present ASDI: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present ATFE: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present BEAL: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present BELE: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present BEPA: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present BEPO: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present BRER: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present CASP: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present CADB: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present CADE: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present CAPE: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present CASW: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present CATR: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present CLBO: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present CO: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present COAL: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present COCA: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present COCO: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present COGR: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present CR: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present CYAC: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present DARE: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present DASP: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present DEPU: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present DRMA: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present DRSP: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present EPRE: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present FAGR: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present FRAM: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present GAPR: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present GR: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present HAVI: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present ILVE: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present IMCA: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present JUCO: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present KAAN: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present KALA: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present LOCA: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present LYAN: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present LYCL: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present LYCO: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present LYLU: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present LYOB: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present LYQU: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present MACA: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present MEVI: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present MIRE: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present MOHY: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present MOUN: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present NEMU: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present NYSY: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present ONSE: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present OSCI: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present OSCL: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present PAQU: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present PI: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present PIRU: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present PIST: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present POAC: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present POCI: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present POPU: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present POSI: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present PR: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present PRSE: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present PTAQ: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present PY: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present QUAL: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present QURU: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present RH: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present RHRA: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present RU1: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present RUAL: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present RUID: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present RUPU: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present SMRA: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present SO: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present SOAM: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present SORU: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present SPLA: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present THNO: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present THSI: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present TRBO: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present TRUN: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present TSCA: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present UN: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present UVSE: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present VAAN: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present VACO: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present VAVA: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present VI: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present VIAC: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present VIAL: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present VICA: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present VIDE: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present VIO: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present TACPE: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present TACRU: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present TACSA: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present TBEAL: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present TBELE: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present TBEPA: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present TBEPO: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present TCADE: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present TFAGR: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present TFRAM: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present TNYSY: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present TPI: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present TPIRE: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present TPIRU: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present TPIST: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present TPOGR: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present TPRSE: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present TQUAL: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present TQURU: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present TTSCA: presence or absence of all herb, shrub, and sapling (less than 2.5 cm dbh) species 0: absent 1: present hf015-04: mosses PLOT: sampling plot number SPECIES: species code ANAT: Anomodon attenuatus ANRU: Andreaea rupestris ANSP: Anacamptodon splachnoides ATAN: Atrichum angustatum ATCR: Atrichum crispum ATUN: Atrichum undulatum AUPA: Aulacomnium palustre BATR: Bazzania trilobata BRCU: Brachythecium curtum BRNO: Bryhnia novae-angeliae BROX: Brachythecium oxycladon, & other large, plicate Brachy. BRPS: Bryum pseudotriquetrum BRRC: Bryoerthrophyllum recurvirostre BRRE: Brotherella recurvans BRRF: Brachythecium reflexum BRRU: Brachythecium rutabulum BRSA: Brachythecium cf. salebrosum BRTU: Brachythecium turgidum CAFI: Calypogeia fissa CAHA: Callicladium haldanianum CESP: Cephaloziella sp. DIAP: Diplophyllum apiculatum DIFL: Dicranum flagellare DIFO: Diphyscium foliosum DIFU: Dicranum fulvum DIHE: Dicranella heteromalla DIMO: Dicranum montanum DIPO: Dicranum polysetum DISC: Dicranum scoparium DIVI: Dicranum viride ENSE: Entodon seductrix FRSP: Frullania sp. GRAP: Grimmia apocarpa HECI: Hedwigia ciliata HEST: Herzogiella striatella HYIM: Hypnum imponens HYPA: Hypnum pallescens JAAU: Jamesoniella autumnalis JUPU: Jungermannia cf. pumila LEGL: Leucobryum glaucum LERE: Lepidozia reptans LOSP: Lophocolea sp. MESP: Metzguria sp. MNAF: Mnium affine, and possibly M. cuspidata MNHO: Mnium hornum MNPU: Mnium punctatum, M. cinclidiodes NOCU: Nowellia curvifolia ODDE: Odontoschisma denudatum, etc. ORRU: Orthotrichum rupestre PALO: Paraleucobryum longifolium PALY: Pallavicinia lyellii PLCA: Plagiothecium cavifolium PLLA: Plagiothecium laetum PLRE: Platygyrium repens PLSC: Pleurozium schreberi PLSU: Pleurodium subulatum POCO: Polytrichum commune POJU: Polytrichum juniperinum PONU: Pohlia nutans POPL: Porella platyphylla PSTE: Pseudoleskeella tectorum PTCR: Ptilium crista-castrensis PTFI: Pterigynandrum filiforme PTSP: Ptilidium sp. (P. ciliare, P. pulcherrimum) RACO: Radula complanata SCNE: Scapania nemorea SPCA: Sphagnum capillifolium SPGI: Sphagnum cf. girgensonii SPSP: Sphagnum section Sphagnum SPTE: Sphagnum teres STSE: Steerecleus serrulatus SUBS: Substrate TEPE: Tetraphis pellucida THDE: Thuidium delicatulum ULCO: Ulota coarctata ULCR: Ulota crispa SOIL: estimated abundance of each bryophyte species in 1994 on the following substrate: soil 1: present 2: abundant 3: very abundant MOUND: estimated abundance of each bryophyte species in 1994 on the following substrate: mound 1: present 2: abundant 3: very abundant DEAD: estimated abundance of each bryophyte species in 1994 on the following substrate: dead wood 1: present 2: abundant 3: very abundant BASE: estimated abundance of each bryophyte species in 1994 on the following substrate: base of trees 1: present 2: abundant 3: very abundant LIVE: estimated abundance of each bryophyte species in 1994 on the following substrate: live trees 1: present 2: abundant 3: very abundant ROCK: estimated abundance of each bryophyte species in 1994 on the following substrate: rocks 1: present 2: abundant 3: very abundant TOTAL: for each species, the estimated abundance of each bryophyte species summed across substrates and transformed into an index of total abundance ranging from 0-4 hf015-05: soils PIT: plot + pit designation CLAY: total % clay (dimensionless ) SILT: total % silt (dimensionless ) SAND: total % sand (dimensionless ) FSi: % fine silt (dimensionless ) CoSi: % coarse silt (dimensionless ) VFS: % very fine sand (dimensionless ) FS: % fine silt (dimensionless ) MS: % medium sand (dimensionless ) CoS: % coarse sand (dimensionless ) VCoS: % very coarse sand (dimensionless ) CECCL: ratio of Cation Exchange Capacity to clay (dimensionless ) CAX: NH4OAc extractable (cmol(+)/kg) (number ) MGX: NH4OAc extractable (cmol(+)/kg) (number ) NaX: NH4OAc extractable (cmol(+)/kg) (number ) KX: NH4OAc extractable (cmol(+)/kg) (number ) SUMB: sum of NH4OAc extractable (cmol(+)/kg) (number ) CEC: NH4OAc cation exchange capacity (cmol(+)/kg) (number ) BSAT: NH4OAc base saturation % (dimensionless ) hf015-06: Prospect Hill 1992 species list type: plant or moss number: number code: species code spname: species name
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