National Institute of Global Environmental Change

Research Programs > NIGEC

Harvard University serves as the Northeastern Regional Center for the NIGEC program. This program seeks to:

• improve the understanding of mechanisms of global environmental change
• develop innovative experimental and observational programs that enhance the understanding of ecosystem and regional scale processes contributing to global change
• provide educational opportunities in global environmental change research

The Division of Applied Sciences administers the Regional Center with most of the field studies conducted at the Harvard Forest. Researchers include many LTER scientists in addition to faculty and students from other universities and institutions.

Selected Publications

Wofsy, S. 2004. The Harvard Forest and understanding the global carbon budget. Pp. 380-393 In D. Foster and J. Aber (Eds.), Forests in Time: The Environmental Consequences of 1000 Years of Change in New England. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.

Munger, W., C. Barford, and C. Wofsy. 2004. Exchanges between the forest and atmosphere. Pp. 202-233 In D. Foster and J. Aber (Eds.), Forests in Time: The Environmental Consequences of 1000 Years of Change in New England. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.

Min, Q. and B. Lin. 2004. Microwave land surface emissivities over Harvard Forest during the growing season of 1998. Journal of Geophysical Research (In Press).

Min, Q., E. Joseph, and M. Duan. 2004. Retrievals of thin cloud optical depth from a multifilter rotating shadowband radiometer. Journal of Geophysical Research (In Press).

Min, Q. 2004. Impacts of aerosols and clouds on CO2 uptake over Harvard Forest. Journal of Geophysical Research (In Press).

Horii, C. V., S. C. Munger, S. C. Wofsy, M. Zahniser, D. Nelson, and J. B. McManus. 2004. Fluxes of Nitrogen Oxides over a Temperate Deciduous Forest. Journal of Geophys. Res. 109.

Harvard Forest Long Term Ecological Research Program. 2004. Abstracts from the 15th Annual Harvard Forest Ecology Symposium 29 March 2004. Harvard Forest.

DeBell, L. J., R. W. Talbot, J. E. Dibb, J. W. Munger, E. V. Fischer, and S. E. Frolking . 2004. A major regional air pollution event in the northeastern U.S. caused by extensive forest fires in Quebec, Canada. J. Geophys. Res. (In press).

Barnes, D. H., S. C. Wofsy, B. P. Fehlau, E. W. Gottlieb, J. W. Elkins, G. S. Dutton, and P. C. Novelli. 2004. Hydrogen in the atmosphere: observations above a forest canopy in a polluted environment. Journal of Geophysical Research (In Press).

Bakwin, P. S., K. J. Davis, C. Yi , S. C. Wofsy, J. W. Munger, L. Haszpra, and Z. Barcza . 2004. Regional carbon dioxide fluxes from mixing ratio data. Tellus 56B: 301-311.

Savage, K. E. and E. A. Davidson. 2003. A comparison of manual and automated systems for soil CO2 flux measurements: trade-offs between spatial and temporal resolution. Journal of Experimental Botany 54: 891-899.

Gu, L. D., D. Baldocchi, S. C. Wofsy, J. W. Munger, J. J. Michalsky, S. P. Urbanski, and T. A. Boden. 2003. Response of a deciduous forest to the Mount Pinatubo eruption: Enhanced photosynthesis. Science 299: 2035-2038.

Davidson, E. A., K. Savage, L. V. Verchot, and R. I. Navarro*. 2003. Minimizing artifacts and biases in chamber-based measurements of soil respiration. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 113: 21-37.

Barnes, D. H., S. C. Wofsy, B. P. Fehlau, E. W. Gottlieb, J. W. Elkins, G. S. Dutton, and S. A. Montzka. 2003. Urban/industrial pollution for the New York City-Washington D. C. corridor, 1996-1998: 2. A study of the efficacy of the Montreal Protocol and other regulatory measures. Journal of Geophysical Research 108.

Barnes, D. H., S. C. Wofsy, B. P. Fehlau, E. W. Gottlieb, J. W. Elkins, G. S. Dutton, and S. A. Montzka. 2003. Urban/industrial pollution for the New York City-Washington, D.C. corridor, 1996-1998: 1. Providing independent verification of CO and PCE emissions inventories. Journal of Geophysical Research 108.

Acevedo, O. C. and D. R. Fitzjarrald. 2001. The early evening surface-layer transition: temporal and spatial variability. J. Atm. Sci. 58: 2650-2667

Barford, C. C., S. C. Wofsy, M. L. Goulden, J. W. Munger, E. Hammond-Pyle, S. P. Urbanski, L. Hutyra, S. R. Saleska, D. Fitzjarrald, and K. Moore. 2001. Factors controlling long- and short-term sequestration of atmospheric CO₂ in a mid-latitude forest. Science 294: 1688-1691

Barford, C. C., S. C. Wofsy, M. L. Goulden, J. W. Munger, E. H. Pyle, S. P. Urbanski, L. Hutyra, D. Fitzjarrald, and K. Moore. 2001. Factors controlling long-term rates and inter-annual variations of CO₂ sequestration in a temperate forest. In: American Geophysical Union Conference

Czikowsky, M. J. and D. R. Fitzjarrald. 2001. Seasonal and successional effects on streamflow in the northeast. Eos. Trans. AGU 82 (80)

Fitzjarrald, D. R., O. C. Acevedo, and K. E. Moore. 2001. Climatic consequences of leaf presence in the eastern United States. J. Climate 14: 598-614

Freedman, J. M. and D. R. Fitzjarrald. 2001. Postfrontal airmass modification. J. Hydromet 419-437

Freedman, J. M., D. R. Fitzjarrald, K. E. Moore, and R. K. Sakai. 2001. Boundary layer clouds and vegetation-atmosphere feedbacks. J. Climate 14: 180-197

Gaudinski, J. B., S. E. Trumbore, E. A. Davidson, and A. Richter. 2001. The age of fine-root carbon in three forests of the eastern United States measured by radiocarbon. Oecologia 129: 420-429

Hurst, J. M., D. J. Barket, O. Herrera-Gomez, T. L. Couch, P. B. Shepson, I. Faloona, D. Tan, W. Brune, H. Westberg, B. Lamb, T. Biesenthal, V. Young, A. H. Goldstein, J. W. Munger, M. A. Carroll, and T. Thornberry. 2001. Investigation of the nighttime decay of isoprene. Journal of Geophysical Research 106: 335-24, 346

Sakai, R. K., D. R. Fitzjarrald, and K. E. Moore. 2001. Importance of low-frequency contributions to eddy fluxes observed over rough surfaces. J. Appl. Met. 40: 2178-2192

Savage, K. E. and E. A. Davidson. 2001. Interannual variation of soil respiration in two New England forests. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 15: 337-350

Staebler, R. M., D. R. Fitzjarrald, M. Czikowsky, and R. K. Sakai. 2001. Nocturnal CO₂ fluxes and understory drainage flows. Eos. Trans. AGU 82 (47)

Wofsy, S. C. 2001. Where has all the carbon gone? Science 292: 2261-2263

Barnes, D. H. 2000. Quantifying Urban/Industrial Emissions of Greenhouse and Ozone-depleting Gases Based on Atmospheric Observations. PhD Thesis, Harvard

Blackman, R. 2000. The determination of the relationship between wood respiration and sapwood temperature in an old growth eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) stand. Senior Thesis, University of Edinburgh

Catovsky, S. and F. A. Bazzaz. 2000. Contributions of coniferous and broad-leaved species to mixed forest carbon uptake: A bottom-up approach. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 30: 100-111

Gaudinski, J. B., S. E. Trumbore, E. A. Davidson, and S. Zheng. 2000. Soil carbon cycling in a temperate forest: radiocarbon-based estimates of residence times, sequestration rates and partitioning of fluxes. Biogeochemistry 51: 33-69

Lerdau, M. T., J. W. Munger, and D. J. Jacob. 2000. The NO₂ flux conundrum. Science 289: 2291

McGuire, A. D., J. M. Melillo, J. T. Randerson, W. J. Parton, M. Heimann, R. A. Meier, J. S. Clein-Curley, D. W. Kicklighter, and W. Sauf. 2000. Modeling the effects of snowpack on heterotrophic respiration across northern temperate and high latitude regions: Comparison with measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide in high latitudes. Biogeochemistry 48: 91-114

Downs, M. R., R. H. Michener, B. Fry, and K. J. Nadelhoffer. 1999. Routine measurement of dissolved inorganic ¹⁵N in streamwater. Environmental Monitoring & Assessment 55: 211-220

Horii, C. V., M. S. Zahniser, D. D. Nelson, J. B. McManus, and S. C. Wofsy. 1999. Nitric acid and nitrogen dioxide flux measurements: a new application of tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy. SPIE 3758: 152-165

Lefer, B. L., R. W. Talbot, and J. W. Munger. 1999. Nitric acid and ammonia at a rural northeastern U.S. site. Journal of Geophysical Research 104: 1645-1661

Potosnak, M. J., S. C. Wofsy, A. S. Denning, T. J. Conway, and D. H. Barnes. 1999. Influence of biotic exchange and combustion sources on atmospheric CO₂ concentrations in New England from observations at a forest flux tower. Journal of Geophysical Research 104: 9561-9569

Davidson, E. A., E. Belk, and R. D. Boone. 1998. Soil and water content and temperature as independent or confounded factors controlling soil respiration in a temperate mixed hardwood forest. Global Change Biology 4: 217-228

Goldstein, A. H., M. L. Goulden, J. W. Munger, S. C. Wofsy, and C. D. Geron. 1998. Seasonal course of isoprene emissions from a midlatitude deciduous forest. Journal of Geophysical Research 103: 31045-31051

Goulden, M. L., B. C. Daube, S.-M. Fan, D. J. Sutton, F. Bazzaz, J. W. Munger, and S. C. Wofsy. 1998. Physiological responses of a black spruce forest to weather. Journal of Geophysical Research 102: 28987-29007

Goulden, M. L., S. C. Wofsy, J. W. Harden, S. E. Trumbore, P. M. Crill, S. T. Gower, T. Fires, B. Daube, S.-M. Fan, D. J. Sutton, A. Bazzaz, and J. W. Munger. 1998. Sensitivity of boreal forest carbon balance to soil thaw. Science 279: 214-217

Moody, J. L., J. W. Munger, A. H. Goldstein, D. J. Jacob, and S. C. Wofsy. 1998. Harvard Forest regional-scale air mass composition by patterns in atmospheric transport history. Journal of Geophysical Research 103: 13181-13194

Munger, J. W., S. M. Fan, P. S. Bakwin, M. L. Goulden, A. H. Goldstein, A. S. Colman, and S. C. Wofsy. 1998. Regional budgets for nitrogen oxides from continental sources- variations of rates for oxidation and deposition with season and distance from source regions. Journal of Geophysical Research 103: 8355-8368

Xiao, X., J. M. Melillo, D. W. Kicklighter, A. D. McGuire, R. G. Prinn, C. Wang, P. H. Stone, and A. Sokolov. 1998. Transient climate change and net ecosystem production of the terrestrial biosphere. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 12: 345-360

Xiao, X., J. M. Melillo, D. W. Kicklighter, Y. Pan, A. D. McGuire, and J. Helfrich. 1998. Net primary production of terrestrial ecosystems in China and its equilibrium responses to changes in climate and atmospheric CO₂ concentration. Acta Phytoecologia Sinica 22: 97-118

Barford, C. C. 1997. Stable isotope dynamics of denitrification. PhD Thesis, Harvard

Gaudinski, J. B., S. E. Trumbore, E. A. Davidson, and E. Belk. 1997. Determination of organic carbon turnover rates at Harvard Forest, Massachusetts. In: Agronomy Abstracts Annual Meeting

Keller, M., J. Melillo, and W. Z. d. Mello. 1997. Trace gas emissions from ecosystems of the Amazon basin. Ciencia e Cultura Journal of the Brazilian Association for the Advancement of Science 49: 87-97

Xiao, X., D. W. Kicklighter, J. M. Melillo, A. D. McGuire, P. H. Stone, and A. P. Sokolov. 1997. Linking a global terrestrial biogeochemical model and a 2-dimensional climate model: implications for the carbon budget. Tellus 49B: 18-37

Xiao, X., J. M. Melillo, D. W. Kicklighter, A. D. McGuire, H. Tian, Y. Pan, C. J. Vörösmarty, and Z. Yang. 1997. Transient climate change and potential croplands of the world in the 21^st Century. MIT Joint Program on Science and Policy of Global Change Report #18: 28pp

Aber, J. D., P. B. Reich, and M. I. Goulden. 1996. Extrapolating leaf CO₂ exchange to the canopy: a generalized model of forest photosynthesis validated by eddy correlation. Oecologia 106: 257-265

Goldstein, A. H., S. M. Fan, M. L. Goulden, J. W. Munger, and S. C. Wofsy. 1996. Emissions of ethene propene and 1-butene by a midlatitude forest. Journal of Geophysical Research 101: 9149-9157

Goulden, M. L., J. W. Munger, S.-M. Fan, B. C. Daube, and S. C. Wofsy. 1996. Effects of interannual climate variability on the carbon dioxide exchange of a temperate deciduous forest. Science 271: 1576-1578

Goulden, M. L., J. W. Munger, S.-M. Fan, B. C. Daube, and S. C. Wofsy. 1996. Measurements of carbon sequestration by long-term eddy covariance: methods and a critical evaluation of accuracy. Global Change Biology 2: 169-182

Hirsch, A. I., J. W. Munger, D. J. Jacob, L. W. Horowitz, and A. H. Goldstein. 1996. Seasonal variation of the ozone production efficiency per unit NO_x at Harvard Forest, Massachusetts. Journal of Geophysical Research 101: 12659-12666

Moore, K. E., D. R. Fitzjarrald, R. K. Sakai, M. L. Goulden, J. W. Munger, and S. C. Wofsy. 1996. Seasonal variation and turbulent exchange at a deciduous forest in central Massachusetts. Journal of Applied Meteorology 35: 122-134

Munger, J. W., S. C. Wofsy, P. S. Bakwin, S.-M. Fan, M. L. Goulden, B. C. Daube, A. H. Goldstein, K. E. Moore, and R. Fitzjarrald. 1996. Atmospheric deposition of reactive nitrogen oxides and ozone in a temperate deciduous forest and a sub-arctic woodland. I. Measurements and mechanisms. Journal of Geophysical Research 101: 12639-12657

Trumbore, S. E., O. A. Chadwick, and R. Amundson. 1996. Rapid exchange between soil carbon and atmospheric carbon dioxide driven by temperature change. Science 272: 393-396

Bassow, S. L. 1995. Canopy photosynthesis and carbon cycling in a deciduous forest: implications of species composition and rising concentrations of CO_2. PhD Thesis, Harvard University

Fan, S.-M., M. L. Goulden, J. W. Munger, B. C. Daube, P. S. Bakwin, S. C. Wofsy, J. S. Amthor, D. R. Fitzjarrald, K. E. Moore, and T. R. Moore. 1995. Environmental controls on the photosynthesis and respiration of a boreal lichen woodland: a growing season of whole-ecosystem exchange measurements by eddy correlation. Oecologia 102: 443-452

Goldstein, A. H., B. C. Daube, J. W. Munger, and S. C. Wofsy. 1995. Automated in situ monitoring of atmospheric non-methane hydrocarbon concentrations and gradients. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 21: 43-59

Goldstein, A. H., C. M. Spivokovsky, and S. C. Wofsy. 1995. Seasonal variations of non-methane hydrocarbons in rural New England: constraints on OH concentrations in northern midlatitudes. Journal of Geophysical Research 100: 21023-21033

Peterjohn, W. T., J. M. Melillo, P. A. Steudler, K. M. Newkirk, F. P. Bowles, and J. D. Aber. 1995. Responses of trace gas fluxes and N availability to experimentally elevated soil temperatures. Ecological Applications 4: 617-625

Goldstein, A. H. 1994. Non-methane hydrocarbons above a mid-latitude forest: biogenic emissions and seasonal concentration variations. PhD Thesis, Harvard

Smith, K. A., G. P. Robertson, and J. M. Melillo. 1994. Exchange of trace gases between the terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere in the midlatitudes. Pp. 179-203 In R. G. Prinn (Eds.), Global Atmospheric-Biospheric Chemistry. Plenum Press, New York

Peterjohn, W. T., J. M. Melillo, F. P. Bowles, and P. A. Steudler. 1993. Soil warming and trace gas fluxes: experimental design and preliminary flux results. Oecologia 93: 18-24

Wofsy, S. C., M. L. Goulden, J. W. Munger, S.-M. Fan, P. S. Bakwin, B. C. Daube, S. L. Bassow, and F. A. Bazzaz. 1993. Net exchange of CO₂ in a mid-latitude forest. Science 260: 1314-1317

Aber, J. D., J. M. Melillo, and C. A. McClaugherty. 1990. Predicting long-term patterns of mass-loss, nitrogen dynamics and soil organic matter formation from initial litter chemistry in forest ecosystems. Canadian Journal of Botany 68: 2201-2208

Aber, J. D., C. A. Wessman, D. L. Peterson, J. M. Melillo, and J.H. Fownes. 1989. Remote sensing of litter and soil organic matter decomposition in forest ecosystems. Remote Sensing of Biosphere Functioning 87-103