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Sugar Maple Hemlock Stand

Aber, J. D., A. Magill, R. Boone, J. M. Melillo, P. A. Steudler, and R. Bowden. 1993. Plant and soil responses to three years of chronic nitrogen additions at the Harvard Forest, Petersham, MA. Ecological Applications 3: 156-166.

Aber, J. D., J. M. Melillo, K. J. Nadelhoffer, J. Pastor, and R. Boone. 1991. Factors controlling nitrogen cycling and nitrogen saturation in northern temperate forest ecosystems. Ecological Applications 1: 303-315.

Aber, J. D., S. V. Ollinger, C. A. Federer, and C. Driscoll. 1997. Modeling nitrogen saturation in forest ecosystems in response to land use and atmospheric deposition. Ecological Modelling 101: 61-78.

Acevedo, O. C. and D. R. Fitzjarrald. 2001. The early evening surface-layer transition: temporal and spatial variability. J. Atm. Sci. 58: 2650-2667.

Anderson, R., D.R. Foster and G. Motzkin. 2003. Integrating lateral expansion into models of peatland development in temperate New England. Journal of Ecology. 91: 68 - 76.

Atwater, D.Z., J.L. Butler, and A.M. Ellison. 2006. Spatial distribution and impacts of moth herbivory on northern pitcher plants. Northeastern Naturalist 13: 43-56.

Balfour, R. P. 2007. The Impact of Changes in Average Winter Temperatures and Habitat Modification on Populations of Terrestrial Birds Over-wintering in Inland Areas of Massachusetts. Master's Thesis. Harvard University.

Barker Plotkin, A. and D. Foster. 2006. Sustaining long-term research through changing times at the Harvard Forest. Pages 41-53 in Irland, L.C., A.E. Camp, J.C. Brissette and Z.R. Donohew. Long-term Silvicultural & Ecological Studies: Results for Science and Management. GISF Research Paper 005, Yale University.

Bassow, S. L. and F. A. Bazzaz. 1998. How environmental conditions affect leaf-level photosynthesis in four deciduous tree species. Ecology 79: 2660-2675.

Bassow, S. L. and F. A. Bazzaz. 1997. Intra- and inter-specific variation in canopy photosynthesis in a mixed deciduous forest. Oecologia 109: 507-515.

Bassow, S. L., K. D. M. McConnaughay, and F. A. Bazzaz. 1994. The response of temperate tree seedlings grown in elevated CO2 to extreme temperature events. Ecological Applications 4: 593-603.

Bazzaz, F. A. 1991. Habitat selection in plants. American Naturalist 137: S116-S130.

Bazzaz, F. A. and S. L. Miao. 1993. Successional status, seed size, and responses of tree seedlings to CO2, light, and nutrients. Ecology 74: 104-112.

Bellemare, J. M. G. and D. Foster. 2002. Legacies of the agricultural past in the forested present: an assessment of historical land-use effects on rich mesic forests. Journal of Biogeography 29: 1401-1420.

Bellemare, J., G. Motzkin and D.R Foster. 2005. Rich Mesic Forests: Edaphic and Physiographic Drivers of Community Variation in Western Massachusetts. Rhodora 107: 931, pp. 239–283.

Berlik, M. M., D. B. Kittredge, and D. R. Foster. 2002. The illusion of preservation: a global environmental argument for the local production of natural resources. Journal of Biogeography 29: 1557-1568.

Belin, D.L., Kittredge, D.B., Stevens, T.H., Dennis, D.C., Schweik, C.M and Morzuch, B.J. 2005. Assessing Private Forest Owner Attitudes Toward Ecosystem-Based Management. Journal of Forestry. 103: No. 1. pp 28-33.

Berntson, G. M. 1997. Topological scaling and plant root system architecture: developmental and functional hierarchies. New Phytologist 135: 621-634.

Berntson, G. M. and J. D. Aber. 2000. Fast nitrate immobilization in N-saturated temperate forest soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 32: 151-156.

Berntson, G. M. and F. A. Bazzaz. 1996. The allometry of root production and loss in seedlings of Acer rubrum (Aceraceae) and Betula papyrifera (Betulaceae): implications for root dynamics in elevated CO2. American Journal of Botany 83: 608-616.

Berntson, G. M. and F. A. Bazzaz. 1997. Elevated CO2 and the magnitude and seasonal dynamics of root production and loss in Betula papyrifera. Plant and Soil 190: 211-216.

Berntson, G. M. and F. A. Bazzaz. 1998. Regenerating temperate forest microcosms in elevated CO2: species composition, belowground growth and nitrogen cycling. Oecologia 113: 115-125.

Berntson, G. M. and P. Stoll. 1997. Correcting for finite spatial scales of self-similarity when calculating the fractal dimensions of real-world structures. Proceedings of Royal Society, Biological Sciences 264: 1531-1537.

Berntson, G. M., P. M. Wayne, and F. A. Bazzaz. 1997. Belowground architectural and mycorrhizal responses to elevated CO2 in Betula alleghaniensis populations. Functional Ecology 11: 684-695.

Bishop, G. D., M. R. Church, J. D. Aber, R. P. Neilson, S. V. Ollinger, and C. Daley. 1998. A comparison of mapped estimates of long-term runoff in the northeastern United States. Journal of Hydrology 206: 176-190.

Borken, W., K. Savage, E.A. Davidson, and S.E. Trumbore. 2006. Effects of experimental drought on soil respiration and radiocarbon efflux from a temperate forest soil. Global Change Biology 12: 177-193.

Borken, W., E.A. Davidson, K.E. Savage, E.T. Sundquist, and P. Steudler. 2006. Effect of summer throughfall exclusion, summer drought, and winter snow cover on methane fluxes in a temperate forest soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 38:1388-1395.

Boose, E. R., A. M. Ellison, L. J. Osterweil, L. A. Clarke, R. Podorozhny, J. L. Hadley, A. Wise, and D. R. Foster. 2007. Ensuring reliable datasets for environmental models and forecasts. Ecological Informatics 2: 237-247.

Boose, E. R., E. F. Boose, and A. L. Lezberg. 1998. A practical method for mapping trees using distance measurements. Ecology 79: 819-827.

Boose, E. R., D. R. Foster, and M. Fluet. 1994. Hurricane impacts to tropical and temperate forest landscapes. Ecological Monographs 64: 369-400.

Boose, E. R., K. E. Chamberlin and D. R. Foster. 2001. Landscape and regional impacts of hurricanes in New England. Ecological Monographs 71: 27-48.

Boose, E. R., M. I. Serrano and D. R. Foster. 2004. Landscape and regional impacts of hurricanes in Puerto Rico. Ecological Monographs 74: 335-352.

Bowden, R. D., K. M. Newkirk, and G. M. Rullo. 1998. Carbon dioxide and methane fluxes by a forest soil under laboratory-controlled moisture and temperature conditions. Soil Biology Biochemistry 30: 1591-1597.

Bürgi, M., E. W. B. Russell, and G. Motzkin. 2000. Effects of postsettlement human activities on forest composition in the north-eastern United States: a comparative approach. Journal of Biogeography 27: 1123-1128.

Butler, J.L., Atwater,D.Z, and Ellison, A.M 2005. Red-spotted Newts: An Unusual Nutrient Source for Northern Pitcher Plants, Northeastern Naturalist 12:1 pp. 1-10.

Butler, J. L. and A. M. Ellison. 2007. Nitrogen cycling dynamics in the carnivorous northern pitcher plant, Sarracenia purpurea. Functional Ecology 21: 835-843.

Callaway, R.M., D. Cipollini, K. Barto, G.C. Thelen, S.G. Hallett, D Prati, K. Stinson and J. Klironomos. 2008. Novel Weapons: Invasive Plant Suppresses Fungal Mutualists in America but not in Its Native Europe. Ecology.

Carlton, C. G. and F. A. Bazzaz. 1998. Regeneration of three sympatric birch species on experimental hurricane blowdown microsites. Ecological Monographs 68: 99-120.

Carlton, G. C. and F. A. Bazzaz. 1998. Resource availability, heterogeneity, and congruence following simulated hurricane blowdown of a temperate forest. Ecology 79: 1305-1319.

Catosvky, S. and F. A. Bazzaz. 1999. Elevated CO2 influences the responses of two birch species to soil moisture: implications for forest community structure. Global Change Biology 5: 507-518.

Catovsky, S. 1998. Taking a Functional View of Ecosystems (book review). Ecology 79: 1843-1844.

Catovsky, S. and F. A. Bazzaz. 2002. Feedbacks between canopy composition and seedling regeneration in mixed conifer broad-leaved forests. Oikos 98: 403-420.

Catovsky, S. and F. A. Bazzaz. 2000. The role of resource interactions and seedling regeneration in maintaining a positive feedback in hemlock stands. Journal of Ecology 88: 100-112.

Cavender-Bares, J., S. Apostol, I. Moya, J. M. Briantais, and F. A. Bazzaz. 1999. Chilling-induced photoinhibition in oaks: are evergreen leaves inherently better protected than deciduous leaves? Photosynthetica 587-596.

Cavender Bares, J. and F. A. Bazzaz. 2000. Changes in drought response strategies with ontogeny in Quercus rubra: implications for scaling from seedlings to mature trees. Oecologia 124: 8-18.

Cavender-Bares, J., M. Potts, E. Zacharias, and F. A. Bazzaz. 2000. Consequences of CO2 and light interactions for leaf phenology, growth, and senescence in Quercus rubra. Global Change Biology 6: 877-887.

Cobb, R.C., D. A. Orwig, and S. Currie. 2006. Decomposition of green foliage in eastern hemlock forests of southern New England impacted by hemlock woolly adelgid infestations. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36: 1331–1341.

Cogbill, C., J. Burk, and G. Motzkin. 2002. The forests of presettlement New England, USA: Spatial and compositional patterns based on town proprietor surveys. Journal of Biogeography 29: 1279-1304.

Collins, B. M., W. V. Sobczak, and E. A. Colburn. 2007. Subsurface Flowpaths in a Forested Headwater Stream Harbor. A Diverse Macroinvertebrate Community. Wetlands. Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 319–325.

Compton, J. E., R. D. Boone, G. Motzkin, and D. R. Foster. 1998. Soil carbon and nitrogen in a pine-oak sand plain in central Massachusetts: role of vegetation and land-use history. Oecologia 116: 536-542.

Cooper-Ellis, S. 1998. Bryophytes in old-growth forests of western Massachusetts. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 125: 117-132.

Crabtree, R. C. and F. A. Bazzaz. 1993. Black birch (Betula lenta L.) seedlings as foragers for nitrogen. New Phytologist 122: 617-625.

Crabtree, R. C. and F. A. Bazzaz. 1993. Seedling response of four birch species to simulated nitrogen deposition: Ammonium versus nitrate. Ecological Applications 3: 315-321.

Currie, W. S. and J. D. Aber. 1997. Modeling leaching as a decomposition process in humid, montane forests. Ecology 78: 1844-1860.

Currie, W. S. and K. J. Nadelhoffer. 1999. Dynamic redistribution of isotopically labeled cohorts of nitrogen inputs in two temperate forests. Ecosystems 2: 4-18.

Currie, W. S. and K. J. Nadelhoffer. 2003. The imprint of land use history: patterns of carbon and nitrogen in downed woody debris at the Harvard Forest. Ecosystems 5: 446-460.

Currie, W. S., K. J. Nadelhoffer, and B. Colman. 2002. Long-term movement of 15N tracers into fine woody debris under chronically elevated N inputs. Plant and Soil 238: 313-323.

Dail, D. B., E. A. Davidson, and J. Chrover. 2001. Rapid abiotic transformation of nitrate in an acid forest soil. Biogeochemistry 54: 131-146.

D’Amato, A.W., D. A. Orwig, and D. R. Foster. 2006. New Estimates of Massachusetts Old-growth Forests: Useful Data for Regional Conservation and Forest Reserve Planning. New England Naturalist. 13(4):495–506

D'Amato, Anthony and P. Catanzaro. 2007. Restoring old-growth characteristics. Outreach pamphlet, Umass Extension, Amherst, MA.

Davidson, E.A., K. Savage, S.E. Trumbore, and W. Borken. 2006. Vertical partitioning of CO2 production within a temperate forest soil. Global Change Biology, 12:944-956.

Davidson, E.A., I. Janssens, and Y. Luo. 2006. On the variability of respiration in terrestrial ecosystems: moving beyond Q10. Global Change Biology 12:154-164.

DeGasparis, B.G. and G. Motzkin. 2007. Windows of Opportunity: Historical and Ecological Controls on Berberis thunbergii invasions. Ecology, 88(12), pp. 3115–3125.

Donohue, K., D. R. Foster, and G. Motzkin. 2000. Effects of the past and the present on species distributions: land-use history and demography of wintergreen. Journal of Ecology 88: 303-316.

Downs, M. R., R. H. Michener, B. Fry, and K. J. Nadelhoffer. 1999. Routine measurement of dissolved inorganic 15N in streamwater. Environmental Monitoring & Assessment 55: 211-220.

Ellison, A. M. 2008. Managing mangroves with benthic biodiversity in mind: moving beyond roving banditry. Journal of Sea Research 59: 2-15.

Ellison, A.M., S. Record, A. Arguello, and N.J. Gotelli. 2007. Rapid inventory of the ant assemblage in a temperate hardwood forest: species composition and sampling methods. Environmental Entomology 36: 766-775.

Ellison, A.M. 2006. Nutrient limitation and stoichiometry of carnivorous plants. Plant Biology 8: 740-747.

Ellison, A. M. 2005. Turning the tables: plants bite back. Wings, Fall 2005: 25-29.

Ellison, A.M. 2004. Bayesian inference in ecology. Ecology Letters 7: 509-520.

Ellison, A.M and A. Agrawal (eds). The Statistics of Rarity- a collection of 8 articles Ecology 86: 1079-1163.

Ellison, A.M. and E.J. Farnsworth.The Cost of Carnivory for Darlingtonia Californica (Sarraceniaceae): Evidence from Relationships among Leaf Traits. American Journal of Botany 92: 1085-1093 (2005).

Ellison, A. M., E. J. Farnsworth, and N. J. Gotelli. 2002. Ant diversity in pitcher-plant bogs of Massachusetts. Northeastern Naturalist 9: 267-284.

Ellison, A. M., M. S. Bank, B. D. Clinton, E. A. Colburn, K. Elliott, C. R. Ford, D. R. Foster, B. D. Kloeppel, J. D. Knoepp, G. M. Lovett, J. Mohan, D. A. Orwig, N. L. Rodenhouse, W. V. Sobczak, K. A. Stinson, J. K. Stone, C. M. Swan, J. Thompson, B. von Holle, and J. R. Webster. 2005. Loss of foundation species: consequences for the structure and dynamics of forested ecosystems. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 9: 479-486.

Ellison, A.M., L.J. Osterweil, L. Clarke, J.L. Haldley, A. Wise, E. Boose, D.R. Foster, A. Hanson, D. Jensen, P. Kuzeja, E. Riseman, and H. Schultz. 2006. Analytic webs support the synthesis of ecological data sets. Ecology 87(6): 1345-1358.

Faison, E.K., D.R. Foster, W.W. Oswald, C.S. Hansen, and E. Doughty. Early Holocene Openlands in Southern New England. Ecology, 87(10), 2006, pp. 2537–2547

Fajvan, M., A. Barker Plotkin and D.R. Foster. 2006. Modeling tree regeneration height growth after an experimental hurricane. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36:2003-2014.

Farnsworth, E. J., and A. M. Ellison. 2008. Prey availability directly affects physiology, growth, nutrient allocation, and scaling relationships among leaf traits in ten carnivorous plant species. Journal of Ecology 96: 213-221.

Farnsworth, E.J. 2007. Plant life history traits of rare versus frequent plant taxa of sandplains: Implications for research and management trials. Biological Conservation. 136. pp 44-52

Farnsworth, E. J. and D. E. Ogurcak. 2006. Biogeography and decline of rare plants in New England: historical evidence and contemporary monitoring. Ecological Applications 16: 1327-1337.

Farnsworth, E. J., J. Nunez-Farfan, S. A. Careaga, and F. A. Bazzaz. 1995. Phenology and growth of three temperate forest life forms in response to artificial soil warming. Journal of Ecology 83: 967-977

Fenn, M. E., M. Poth, J. D. Aber, J. S. Baron, B. T. Bormann, D. W. Johnson, A. D. Lemly, S. G. McNulty, D. F. Ryan, and R. Stottlemeyer. 1998. Nitrogen excess in North American ecosystems: a review of predisposing factors, geographic extent, ecosystem responses and management strategies. Ecological Applications 8: 706-733.

Finley, A.O. and Kittredge Jr., D.B. 2006. Thoreau, Muir, and Jane Doe: Different Types of Private Forest Owners Need Different Kinds of Forest Management: Northern Journal of Applied Forestry, Vol. 23, No.1, March 2006

Finley, A.O., Kittredge Jr., D.B., Stevens, T.H., Schweik, C.M. and Dennis, D.C. 2006. Interest in Cross-Boundary Cooperation: Identification of Distinct Types of Private Forest Owners. Forest Science 52(1): 10-22.

Foster, D.R. and D.A. Orwig, 2006. Preemptive and Salvage Harvesting of New England Forests: When Doing Nothing Is a Viable Alternative. Conservation Biology Volume 20, No. 4, 959–970.

Foster, D.R., W.W. Oswald, E.K. Faison, E.D. Doughty, B.C.S. Hansen. 2006. A Climatic Driver for Abrupt Mid-Holocene Vegetation Dynamics and the Hemlock Decline in New England. Ecology, 87(12), 2959–2966.

Foster, D. R., D. Kittredge, B. Donahue, G. Motzkin, D. Orwig, A. Ellison, B. Hall, B. Colburn, and A. D'amato. 2005. Wildlands and Woodlands: A Vision for the Forests of Massachusetts. Petersham, MA.

Foster, D. R., F. Swanson, J. D. Aber, I. Burke, N. Brokaw, D. Tilman, and A. Knapp. 2003. The Importance of Land-Use Legacies to Ecology and Conservation. BioScience 53: 77-88.

Foster, D., S. Clayden, D. A. Orwig, B. Hall, and S. Barry. 2002. Oak, chestnut and fire: climatic and cultural controls of long-term forest dynamics in New England. Journal of Biogeography 29: 1359-1379.

Foster, D., B. Hall, S. Barry, S. Clayden, and T. Parshall. 2002. Cultural, environmental, and historical controls of vegetation patterns and the modern conservation setting on the island of Martha's Vineyard, U.S.A. Journal of Biogeography 29: 1381-1400.

Foster, D., D. Knight, and J. Franklin. 1998. Landscape patterns and legacies of large infrequent disturbances. Ecosystems 1: 497-510.

Foster, D., G. Motzkin, D. Bernardos, and J. Cardoza. 2002. Wildlife dynamics in the changing New England landscape. Journal of Biogeography 29: 1337-1357.

Foster, D., G. Motzkin, and B. Slater. 1998. Land-use history as long-term broad-scale disturbance: regional forest dynamics in central New England. Ecosystems 1: 96-119.

Foster, D. R. 2002. Conservation issues and approaches for dynamic cultural landscapes. Journal of Biogeography 29: 1533-1535.

Foster, D. R. 2001. Conservation lessons and challenges from ecological history. Forest History Today Fall 2000: 2-11.

Foster, D. R. 1988. Disturbance history, community organization and vegetation dynamics of the old-growth Pisgah Forest, southwestern New Hampshire, U.S.A. Journal of Ecology 76: 105-134.

Foster, D. R. 2000. From bobolinks to bears: interjecting geographical history into ecological studies, environmental interpretation, and conservation planning. Journal of Biogeography 27: 27-30.

Foster, D. R. 2002. Insights from historical geography to ecology and conservation: lessons from the New England landscape. Journal of Biogeography 29: 1269-1275.

Foster, D. R. 1992. Land-use history (1730-1990) and vegetation dynamics in central New England, USA. Journal of Ecology 80: 753-772.

Foster, D. R. 1988. Species and stand response to catastrophic wind in central New England, U.S.A. Journal of Ecology 76: 135-151.

Foster, D. R. 1999. Hemlock's Future in the Context of Its History: An Ecological Perspective. USDA Forest Service [267], 1-4. Northeastern Research Station.

Foster, D. R. 2002. Thoreau's country: a historical-ecological approach to conservation of the New England landscape. Journal of Biogeography 29: 1537-1555.

Foster, D. R., J. D. Aber, J. M. Melillo, R. Bowden, and F. Bazzaz. 1997. Forest response to disturbance and anthropogenic stress. Rethinking the 1938 Hurricane and the impact of physical disturbance vs chemical and climate stress on forest ecosystems. BioScience 47: 437-445.

Foster, D. R. and E. Boose. 1992. Patterns of forest damage resulting from catastrophic wind in central New England, USA. Journal of Ecology 80: 79-99.

Foster, D. R. and G. Motzkin. 1998. Ecology and conservation in the cultural landscape of New England: lessons from nature's history. Northeastern Naturalist 5: 111-126.

Foster, D. R. and G. Motzkin. 2003. Interpreting and conserving the openland habitats of coastal New England: insights from landscape history. Forest Ecology and Management 185: 127-150.

Foster, D. R., D. A. Orwig, and J. S. McLachlan. 1996. Ecological and conservation insights from reconstructive studies of temperate old-growth forests. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 11: 419-424.

Foster, D. R., T. Zebryk, P. Schoonmaker, and A. Lezberg. 1992. Post-settlement history of human land-use and vegetation dynamics of a hemlock woodlot in central New England. Journal of Ecology 80: 773-786.

Foster, D. R. and T. M. Zebryk. 1993. Long-term vegetation dynamics and disturbance history of a Tsuga-dominated forest in New England. Ecology 74: 982-998.

Fuller, J. L. 1998. Ecological impact of the mid-Holocene hemlock decline in southern Ontario, Canada. Ecology 79: 2337-2351.

Fuller, J. L., D. R. Foster, J. S. McLachlan, and N. Drake. 1998. Impact of human activity on regional forest composition and dynamics in central New England. Ecosystems 1: 76-95.

Gaudinski, J. B., S. E. Trumbore, E. A. Davidson, and S. Zheng. 2000. Soil carbon cycling in a temperate forest: radiocarbon-based estimates of residence times, sequestration rates and partitioning of fluxes. Biogeochemistry 51: 33-69.

Gerhardt, F. 1993. Physiographic and historical influences of forest composition in central New England, U.S.A. Journal of Biogeography 29: 1421-1437.

Godbold, D. L., G. M. Berntson, and F. A. Bazzaz. 1997. Growth and mycorrhizal colonization of three North-American tree species under elevated atmospheric CO2. New Phytologist 137: 433-440.

Golodetz, A. and D. R. Foster. 1997. History and importance of land use and protection in the North Quabbin Region of Massachusetts. Conservation Biology 11: 227-235.

Goodale, C. L., J. D. Aber, and W. H. McDowell. 2000. The long-term effects of disturbance on organic and inorganic nitrogen export in the White Mountains, New Hampshire. Ecosystems 3: 433-450.

Gotelli, N. J. and A. M. Ellison. 2006. Food-web models predict species abundances in response to habitat change. PLoS Biology 4(10): e324.

Goulden, M. L., J. W. Munger, S.-M. Fan, B. C. Daube, and S. C. Wofsy. 1996. Effects of interannual climate variability on the carbon dioxide exchange of a temperate deciduous forest. Science 271: 1576-1578.

Hadley, J.L, P.S. Kuzeja, M.T. Mulcahy and S. Singh. 2008. Water use and carbon exchange of red hemlock dominated forests in the northeastern ecosystem-level effects of hemlock woolly. Tree Physiology 28, 615–627.

Hall, B., G. Motzkin, D. Foster, M. Syfert, and J. Burk. 2002. Three hundred years of forest and land-use change in Massachusetts, USA. Journal of Biogeography 29: 1319-1335.

Harrod, J. C. and R. D. White. 1999. Age structure and radial growth in xeric pine-oak forests in western Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 126: 139-146.

Hendricks, J. J., J. D. Aber, K. J. Nadelhoffer, and R. D. Hallett. 2000. Nitrogen controls on fine root substrate quality in temperate forest ecosystems. Ecosystems 3: 57-69.

Hendricks, J. J., K. J. Nadelhoffer, and J. D. Aber. 1997. A 15N tracer technique for assessing fine root production and turnover. Oecologia 112: 300-304.

Hughes, L. and F. A. Bazzaz. 1997. Effect of elevated CO2 on interactions between the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and the common milkweed, Asclepias syriaca. Oecologia 109: 286-290.

Jenkins, J., G. Motzkin, and K. Ward. 2008. The Harvard Forest Flora. An Inventory, Analysis and Ecological History. Harvard Forest Paper no.28. pp. 266.

Jenkins, J. C., D. W. Kicklighter, and J. D. Aber. 1999. Sources of variability in NPP predictions at a regional scale: a comparison using PnET-II and TEM 4.0 in northeastern forests. Ecosystems 2: 555-570.

Kicklighter, D. W., M. Bruno, S. Dönges, G. Esser, M. Heimann, F. Helfrich, F. Ift, F. Joos, J. Kaduk, G. H. Kohlmaier, A. D. McGuire, J. M. Melillo, R. Meyer, B. I. N. A. Moore, I. C. Prentice, W. Sauf, A. Schloss, S. Sitch, U. Wittenberg, and G. Würth. 1999. A first-order analysis of the potential role of CO2 fertilization to affect the global carbon budget: a comparison study of four terrestrial biosphere models. Tellus 51B: 343-366.

Kirby, K., C. M. Reid, R. C. Thomas, and B. Goldsmith. 1998. Preliminary estimates of falled dead wood and standing dead trees in managed and unmanaged forests in Britain. Journal of Applied Ecology 35: 148-155.

Kittel, T. G. F., N. A. Rosenbloom, T. H. Painter, D. S. Schimel, and V. E. M. A. P. M. Participants. 1995. The VEMAP integrated database for modeling United States ecosystem/vegetation sensitivity to climate change. Journal of Biogeography 22: 857-862.

Kittredge, D. B. The cooperation of private forest owners on scales larger than one individual property: international examples and potential application in the United States, Forest Policy and Economics: 7 (2005) pp. 671- 688.

Kittredge, D. B., A. O. Finley*, and D. R. Foster. 2003. Timber harvesting as ongoing disturbance in a landscape of diverse ownership. Forest Ecology and Management 180: 425-442.

Kizlinski, M., D. A. Orwig, R. Cobb, and D. Foster. 2002. Direct and indirect ecosystem consequences of an invasive pest on forests dominated by eastern hemlock. Journal of Biogeography 29: 1489-1503.

Köster, D., Pienitz, R., Wolfe, B.B., Barry, S., Foster, D.R., and Dixit, S.S. 2005. Paleolimnological assessment of human-induced impacts on the nutrient balance of Walden Pond (Massachusetts, USA) during the last three centuries using diatoms and stable isotopes. Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management 8 (2): 117-131.

Law, B. E., R. H. Waring, J. D. Aber, and P. M. Anthoni. 2000. Measurements of gross and net ecosystem productivity and water vapor exchange of a Pinus poderosa ecosystem and an evaluation of two generalized models. Global Change Biology 6: 155-168.

Lewis, D. A., W. Garrison, E. Wommack, A. Whittemore, P. Steudler, and J. Melillo. 1999. Influence of environmental changes on degradation of chiral pollutants in soils. Nature 401: 898-901.

Lindbladh, M., W. W. Oswald, D. R. Foster, E. K. Faison, J. Hou, Y. Huang. 2007. A late-glacial transition from Picea glauca to Picea mariana in southern New England. Quaternary Research. 67 502–508.

Louis, I., S. Racette, and J. G. Torrey. 1990. Occurrence of cluster roots on Myrica cerifera L. (Myricaceae) in water culture in relation to phosphorus nutrition. New Phytologist 115: 311-317.

Mack, R. N., D. Simberloff, W. M. Lonsdale, H. Evans, M. Clout, and F. A. Bazzaz. 2000. Biotic invasions: causes epidemiology, global consequences and control. Issues in Ecology. Ecological Society of America 5: 2-20.

Magill, A. H. and J. D. Aber. 2000. Dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen relationships in forest litter as affected by nitrogen deposition. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 32: 603-613.

Magill, A. H. and J. D. Aber. 1998. Long-term effects of chronic nitrogen additions on foliar litter decay and humus formation in forest ecosystems. Plant and Soil 203: 301-311.

Magill, A. H. and J. D. Aber. 2000. Variation in soil net mineralization rates with dissolved organic carbon additions. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 32: 597-601.

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