N. J. Gotelli & A. M. Ellison. 2004. A Primer of Ecological Statistics. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts

Errata from 3^rd and 4^th printings (printed January 2007, January 2008)

Chapter 1

1.1 On page 8, legend to Figure 1.1, the number "21" in the fourth line from the bottom of the legend should be "20". (Thanks to Victor Landeiro, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia - INPA - CPEC (Ecologia), Manaus, Brazil).

Note that this error is also in the 1^st and 2^nd printings.

1.2 On page 22, 7 lines after Equation 1.6, P(S) should be P(F). The formula for the conditional probability means that P(F|S) = P(F and S) / P(F).

Note that this error is also in the 1^st and 2^nd printings. (Thanks to Antonio Valdecasas, Museo Nacional Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, Spain ).

1.3 On page 42, third paragraph, first line, "all the" appears twice. One of them could be deleted. (Thanks to Victor Landeiro, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia - INPA - CPEC (Ecologia), Manaus, Brazil).

Chapter 2

2.1 In Figure 2.4, the text "Subinterval U = [3,4]" apperas both above and below the horizontal line. Both are not needed. (Thanks to Victor Landeiro, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia - INPA - CPEC (Ecologia), Manaus, Brazil).

Chapter 3

3.1 On page 58, in the second equation, E(X) should read E(Y). (Thanks to Victor Landeiro, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia - INPA - CPEC (Ecologia), Manaus, Brazil).

3.2 On page 61, Figure 3.1. The y -axis should be scaled from 0.0 to 0.5, not 0 to 5. In the inset legend, line 2 (sample mean) the value "2.56" should be "0.256"; and in line 3 (confidence interval) the values "2.43" and "2.69" should be "0.243" and "0.269", respectively. (Thanks to Victor Landeiro, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia - INPA - CPEC (Ecologia), Manaus, Brazil).

Note that this error is also in the 1^st and 2^nd printings.

Chapter 9

9.1 On page 242, last paragraph line 3, line 6, and Equation 9.4, d_i²ⁿ should read d_i²(no "n") in the superscript. This is a type-setting error introduced in the correction to the 2nd edition. (Thanks to Victor Landeiro, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia - INPA - CPEC (Ecologia), Manaus, Brazil).

9.2 Footnote 16. The photo caption should read "Sewall", not "Sewell". (Thanks to Victor Landeiro, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia - INPA - CPEC (Ecologia), Manaus, Brazil).

Chapter 10

10.1 On page 300, Table 10.4, the equation for the within-groups (residual) Sum of Squares should have a "bar" over the Y_j.

Note that this error is also in the 2^nd printing, and resulted from a mis-setting of the equation following its correction after the first printing (Thanks to Drew M. Talley, Marine Science & Environmental Studies Department, University of San Diego).

10.2 On pages 312-313, Table 10.8, the Mean square for Factor B(A) (plots nested within A) should be SS_B / a(b-1), not SS_B / (b-1). Similarly, the F-ratio for Factor A should be MS_A / MS_B(A), not MS_A / MS_B.

Note that this error is also in the 1^st and 2^nd printings. (Thanks to Toshinori Okuyama, National Taiwan University)

Chapter 11

11.1 Page 354, line above Equation 11.4. "j = 1 to n" should read "j = 1 to m". (Thanks to Victor Landeiro, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia - INPA - CPEC (Ecologia), Manaus, Brazil).

11.2 Page 359, last line of 3rd paragraph should read "the calculation in Footnote 5" (not "Footnote 3"). (Thanks to Victor Landeiro, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia - INPA - CPEC (Ecologia), Manaus, Brazil).

Appendix

A.1. Page 449, lines 6-9. Only matrix addition is commutative, subtraction is not. The first two sentences of the paragraph should read:

" Matrix addition is commutative, which means that for two matrices A and B of equal dimension, A + B = B + A. Matrix addition is also associative: for three matrices A, B, and C of equal dimension, A + (B + C) = (A + B) + C..."

Note that this error is also in the 1^st and 2^nd printings. (Thanks to Jon Bakker, University of Washington).

A.2. Page 453, lines 3, 4, and Equations A.11 and A.12, Q should be Q (bold roman, not italic). (Thanks to Victor Landeiro, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia - INPA - CPEC (Ecologia), Manaus, Brazil).

Glossary

G.1 Page 460." Baye's" should be "Bayes'" in the definition of Bayes' factor. (I found this one myself!)

G.2 Page 465. Insert "model" after "statistical" in the definition of error variation. (Thanks to Victor Landeiro, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia - INPA - CPEC (Ecologia), Manaus, Brazil).

G.3. Page 475."column vector" should read "row vector". (Thanks to Victor Landeiro, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia - INPA - CPEC (Ecologia), Manaus, Brazil).

G.4 Page 478. Reference chapter [12] in the definition of transpose. (Thanks to Victor Landeiro, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia - INPA - CPEC (Ecologia), Manaus, Brazil).

G.5 The following bold-faced text items found in Chapter 12 [12] and the Appendix [A] are not in the glossary. (Thanks to Victor Landeiro, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia - INPA - CPEC (Ecologia), Manaus, Brazil).

• associative - in mathematics, the property that (a + b) + c = a + (b + c). [A]
• column-orthonormal matrix - an m x n matrix whose columns have been normalized so that the Euclidean distance of each column = 1. [A]
• commutative - in mathematics, the proprety that a + b = b + a.[A]
• decomposition - in matrix algebra, the re-expression of any m x n matrix A as the product of three matrices, VWU^T, where V is an m x n matrix of the same dimension as A; U and W are square matrices (dimension n x n); V and U are column-orthonormal matrices; and W is a diagonal matrix with singular values on the diagonal. [A]
• determinant - in matrix algebra, the scalar computed as the sum of all possible signed products containing one row element and one column element of a given matrix. [A]
• dimension - a 2-dimensional vector specifying the number of rows and number of columns in a matrix. [A]
• distributive - in mathematics, the property that c(a + b) = ca + cb. [A]
• identity matrix - a diagonal matrix in which all the diagonal terms = 1 and all other terms = 0. [A]
• inverse matrix - a matrix A^-1 such that AA^-1 = I, the identity matrix. [A]
• lower triangular matrix - a matrix in which all of the elements above the diagonal = 0. [A]
• orthogonal [2] - in matrix algebra, two vectors whose product = 0 are called orthogonal. [A]
• postmultiplication and postproduct - in matrix algebra, the product BA of two square matrices A and B. [A]
• premultiplication and preproduct - in matrix algebra, the product AB of two square matrices A and B. [A]
• Principal coordinates analysis - a generic ordination method that can use any measure of distance. Principal components analysis and Factor analysis (for example) are special cases of Principal coordinates analysis. [12]
• quadratic form - a 1 x 1 matrix equal to the product of x^TAx, where x is a n x 1 column vector and A is an n x n matrix. [A]
• scalar - a single number, not a matrix. [A]
• scalar product - in matrix algebra, the product of a 1 x n row vector and a n x 1 column vector. [A]
• singular values - the values along the diagonal of a square matrix W such that an m x n matrix A can be re-expressed as the product VWU^T, where V is an m x n matrix of the same dimension as A; U and W are square matrices (dimension n x n); and V and U are column-orthonormal matrices. [A]
• trace - the sum of the main diagonal elements of a square matrix. [A]
• triangular matrix - a matrix in which all of the elements on one side of the diagonal = 0 [A].
• upper triangular matrix - a matrix in which all of the elements below the diagonal = 0. [A]

Index

I.1 Page 500. Change "Galton, Frances" to "Galton, Francis". (Thanks to Victor Landeiro, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia - INPA - CPEC (Ecologia), Manaus, Brazil).

I.2 Page 507. "Sorenson's" should read "Sørenson's". (Thanks to Victor Landeiro, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia - INPA - CPEC (Ecologia), Manaus, Brazil).

I.3. Page 507. Delete references to 47n10, 48n11, and 52n13 to Spiders, linyphiid. (Thanks to Victor Landeiro, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia - INPA - CPEC (Ecologia), Manaus, Brazil).

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