uid=HFR,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org
all
public
read
doi:10.6073/pasta/b7c846493bed997756a504dd003a3c29
Plantation Biodiversity Plots at Harvard Forest since 2007
Audrey
Barker Plotkin
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4473-9785
2023
English
Plantations have been part of forestry at Harvard Forest since its beginning. Plantations were established from 1911-1944, usually on open or cut-over land. The objectives for plantation forests at Harvard Forest were to: increase amount of productive forest land; examine the suitability of various species and cultivars to New England conditions; and test planting and tending methods. At first, mainly small plantings (less than 1 to 4 acres) were established primarily on "blank" lands. Some larger plantations (20+ acres) were established on cut-over land around 1930.
The bulk of the plantings were red pine, white pine and spruce (white and Norway), but several other conifers were also planted. The maximum amount of land in plantations came to about 270 acres (less than 10% of Harvard Forest’s land base). Tending of the plantations, especially weeding in the decade following establishment, but also in-filling, pruning and thinning, was conducted and carefully documented. However, tending of plantations ceased about 1950.
Since then, the fate of the plantations has been mixed. Some plantations were out-competed by native forest with only scattered planted trees remaining. A few acres of plantations were harvested in the 1950s. About 40 acres of plantations were harvested in the 1990s. As of 2007, approximately 135 acres remained. These stands range in age from 60-90 years old. Some stands have substantial areas blown down. We developed a management plan to harvest about 80 acres of mature plantation forests beginning in 2008 in order to terminate these long term experiments, to regenerate a diversity of native tree species and restore native forests to these sites, and to initiate a new suite of long term experiments. For the next 10-15 years, the harvested areas will provide early successional habitat for a variety of wildlife species.
A suite of permanent vegetation plots was established throughout the plantations to assess vegetation structure in plantations and predict future dynamics in harvested and early seral habitats. An initial objective of the baseline survey was to characterize current tree regeneration and understory flora that will in large part determine the future composition of these forests as the overstory is harvested or senesces.
browsing
coarse woody debris
seedlings
silviculture
trees
understory vegetation
LTER controlled vocabulary
disturbance
land use
LTER core area
Harvard Forest
HFR
LTER
USA
HFR default
This dataset is released to the public under Creative Commons CC0 1.0 (No Rights Reserved). Please keep the dataset creators informed of any plans to use the dataset. Consultation with the original investigators is strongly encouraged. Publications and data products that make use of the dataset should include proper acknowledgement.
Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal
https://spdx.org/licenses/CC0-1.0.html
CC0-1.0
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf162
Prospect Hill Tract (Harvard Forest), Tom Swamp Tract (Harvard Forest). Coordinates based on WGS84 datum.
-72.23
-72.16
+42.55
+42.45
205
420
meter
2007
2017
genus
Picea
species
abies
norway spruce
genus
Picea
species
glauca
white spruce
genus
Pinus
species
resinosa
red pine
ongoing
Information Manager
Harvard Forest
324 North Main Street
Petersham
MA
01366
USA
(978) 724-3302
hf-im@lists.fas.harvard.edu
Harvard Forest
324 North Main Street
Petersham
MA
01366
USA
(978) 724-3302
(978) 724-3595
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu
Study Design: A set of 22, 20m by 20m permanent plots were established. Plots were placed in red pine and spruce dominated plantations, and in both harvest and control (no harvest) sites. The number of plots per plantation is proportional to plantation area. Sites less than 10 acres contain one plot. There are two plots in a 13.5-acre unharvested red pine plantation; two plots in a harvested 13.5 acre spruce plantation; five plots in a somewhat heterogenous 38-acre harvested pine plantation. Altogether, there are 4 cut pine sites covering ~53 acres, 5 control pine sites covering ~26 acres, 2 cut spruce sites covering 16 acres, and 2 control spruce sites covering ~7 acres. Plots were established and measured in 2007, prior to harvest. We plan to measure the plots every 5 years. So far, in 2012 and 2017, all 22 plots were re-measured.
Trees: Live stems at least 2.5cm dbh were measured, recording dbh and species. Live saplings more than1.3m tall but less than 2.5cm dbh were tallied by species in a 5.64 radius plot (100m2) centered on each plot.
Seedlings: Presence/absence of tree seedlings (less than 1.3m tall) by species was recorded in 10, 1.13m radius (4m2) plots in each plot, and frequency calculated. This measure of stocking is often considered more useful than total densities of tree seedlings, as this metric gives some indication of how well-distributed tree regeneration is on the site.
Understory vegetation: A list of shrubs, herbs, ferns, lycopods and graminoids (very roughly) occurring on each 20x20m plot was compiled, and abundance was estimated for each species using the following cover classes: 1 is less than 1% cover, 2 is 1-3% cover, 3 is 3-5% cover, 4 is 6-15% cover, 5 is 16-25% cover, 6 is 26-50% cover, 7 is 51-75% cover, 8 is more than 75% cover.
Coarse Woody Debris (CWD): Two transects running diagonally across each plot were established. The diameter, species (or species group) and decay class of each downed piece of wood that intersects the line-transect was measured using a 50cm caliper. Minimum average diameter = 7.5cm. When possible, two diameter measurements are taken, to account for the fact that most stems are not uniformly round. From there we can calculate volume per unit area by using the formula V= 9.869* (d /8L), where L is length and d is diameter squared (Harmon, M.E. and J. Sexton. 1996. Guidelines for measurements of woody detritus in forest ecosystems. Not a formal publication).
Snags (standing dead trees) within the entire 20m x 20m plot were measured if at least 10cm dbh
Stump volume was estimated in the harvested plots in 2010 and 2012, by recording the species, diameter, height and decay class of each stump found within the plot. Minimum stump diameter was 10 cm.
Browsing: In 2008, browsing presence/absence by stem was surveyed in the 22 plots. Twenty-five 4m2 subplots were established in each plot, so 25% of each plot was assessed. Woody tree and shrub stems (excluding Rubus) between 0.3-3.0m tall and less than 5cm diameter were included. While moose browsing can be distinguished from deer browsing when tall (greather than 2m) or large (perhaps more than 0.5cm diameter) twigs are browsed, and these were noted, there were too few of these large saplings sampled to clearly distinguish between moose and deer browse. A complementary exclosure experiment by Faison et al. has been established in four harvested plantations to tease apart the effects of deer vs. moose browsing, and to better quantify their long-term influences on forest structure and composition. Data related to browsing after 2008 can be found in HF203: http://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu:8080/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf203.
Harvard Forest Long-Term Ecological Research
Harvard Forest
324 North Main Street
Petersham
MA
01366
USA
(978) 724-3302
(978) 724-3595
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu
https://ror.org/059cpzx98
pointOfContact
The Harvard Forest Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program examines ecological dynamics in the New England region resulting from natural disturbances, environmental change, and human impacts.
National Science Foundation LTER grants: DEB-8811764, DEB-9411975, DEB-0080592, DEB-0620443, DEB-1237491, DEB-1832210.
hf162-01-plots.csv
plots
hf162-01-plots.csv
3401
721beabb2a47d3a3834e6d2b4b9baa37
1
\r\n
column
,
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p16/hf162/hf162-01-plots.csv
plot
plot number (1-22)
plot number (1-22)
NA
missing value
name
plantation ID based on Harvard Forest archival records. The first two letters refer to the tract (PH=Prospect Hill; TS=Tom Swamp) and the numbers refer to the year planted (e.g. 44 was planted in 1944). Strings of two-digit numbers + one letter indicate that a plot was placed in a mix of multiple, small, contiguous plantings.
plantation ID
NA
missing value
dom.sp
dominant planted species
Spruce
spruce dominant
Pine
pine dominant
NA
missing value
treat
treatment
Harvest
harvested
Control
control
NA
missing value
harv.date
harvest date
harvest date
NA
missing value
acres
plantation acreage
acre
0.1
real
NA
missing value
harvest.acres
acres harvested per management unit, which can be a portion of a plantation or more than one contiguous plantation
acre
0.1
real
NA
missing value
comp
Harvard Forest compartment
Harvard Forest compartment
NA
missing value
tree.ht.07m
average tree height in the plot in 2007
meter
0.1
real
NA
missing value
tree.ht.12m
height of the tallest tree in the plot in 2012
meter
0.1
real
NA
missing value
tree.ht.17m
height of the tallest tree in the plot in 2017
meter
0.1
real
NA
missing value
year.planted
year plantation was established by transplanting
YYYY
NA
missing value
planted.spacing
original average spacing of the plantation
meter
0.0001
real
NA
missing value
thinned
whether the plantation received any thinning silvicultural treatment
No Info
records on thinning not found
Yes
thinned
No
not thinned
NA
missing value
lat
latitude
degree
0.000000001
real
NA
missing value
long
longitude
degree
0.000000001
real
NA
missing value
ma.spm.y
Y location in Massachusetts State Plane Meters, Mainland, NAD1983
meter
0.0001
real
NA
missing value
ma.spm.x
location in Massachusetts State Plane Meters, Mainland, NAD1983
meter
0.0001
real
NA
missing value
notes.2012
notes from 2012
notes from 2012
NA
missing value
notes.2017
plot-level notes from 2017
plot-level notes from 2017
NA
missing value
22
hf162-02-trees.csv
trees
hf162-02-trees.csv
107268
8ec022b6f518a3ee07aeb45a24964bf8
1
\r\n
column
,
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p16/hf162/hf162-02-trees.csv
plot
plot number (1-22)
plot number (1-22)
NA
missing value
year
year. 2007 is pre-harvest; 2008 and 2010 are post-harvest; 2012 includes all 22 plots
YYYY
NA
missing value
species
four letter species code
ACPE
Acer pensylvanicum
ACRU
Acer rubrum
ACSA
Acer saccharum
BEAL
Betula alleghaniensis
BELE
Betula lenta
BEPA
Betula papyrifera
BEPO
Betula populifolia
CADE
Castanea dentate
FAGR
Fagus grandifolia
FRAM
Fraxinus americana
LASP
Larix species
NYSY
Nyssa sylvatica
OVSI
Ostrya virginiana
PIAB
Picea abies
PIGL
Picea glauca
PIRE
Pinus resinosa
PIST
Pinus strobus
POGR
Populus grandidentata
POTR
Populus tremuloides
PRPE
Prunus pensylvanica
PRSE
Prunus serotina
QUAL
Quercus alba
QURU
Quercus rubra
QUVE
Quercus velutina
TSCA
Tsuga canadensis
NA
missing value
dbh
diameter measured at 1.3m; trees >=2.5cm dbh are included)
centimeter
0.1
real
NA
missing value
notes
notes
notes
NA
missing value
5168
hf162-03-saplings.csv
saplings
hf162-03-saplings.csv
6131
029b018b19f05b341c7143a71bc7fa33
1
\r\n
column
,
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p16/hf162/hf162-03-saplings.csv
plot
plot number (1-22)
plot number (1-22)
NA
missing value
year
year. 2007 is pre-harvest
YYYY
NA
missing value
species
four letter species code
ACPE
Acer pensylvanicum
ACRU
Acer rubrum
ACSA
Acer saccharum
BEAL
Betula alleghaniensis
BELE
Betula lenta
BEPA
Betula papyrifera
BEPO
Betula populifolia
FAGR
Fagus grandifolia
FRAM
Fraxinus Americana
MASP
Malus, species not identified
NYSY
Nyssa sylvatica
PIAB
Picea abies
PICsp
Picea, species not identified
PIRE
Pinus resinosa
PIST
Pinus strobus
POGR
Populus grandidentata
POTR
Populus tremuloides
PRPE
Prunus pensylvanica
PRSE
Prunus serotina
QUAL
Quercus alba
QURU
Quercus rubra
QUVE
Quercus velutina
TSCA
Tsuga canadensis
Total
sum of all saplings in plot
NA
missing value
number
number of saplings in plot
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
notes
notes
notes
NA
missing value
319
hf162-04-seedlings.csv
tree seedlings
hf162-04-seedlings.csv
9350
11ca206aa036b580fc24dfe9bf216a5f
1
\r\n
column
,
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p16/hf162/hf162-04-seedlings.csv
plot
plot number (1-22)
plot number (1-22)
NA
missing value
year
year. 2007 is pre-harvest
YYYY
NA
missing value
species
four letter species code
ACPE
Acer pensylvanicum
ACRU
Acer rubrum
ACSA
Acer saccharum
BEAL
Betula alleghaniensis
BELE
Betula lenta
BEAL.LE
Betula alleghaniensis and/or Betula lenta
BEPA
Betula papyrifera
BEPO
Betula populifolia
CADE
Castanea dentata
FAGR
Fagus grandifolia
FRAM
Fraxinus americana
NYSY
Nyssa sylvatica
PIAB
Picea abies
PIGL
Picea glabra
PICsp
Picea, species not identified
PIRE
Pinus resinosa
PIRU
Picea rubens
PIST
Pinus strobus
POGR
Populus grandidentata
POSP
Populus (grandidentata or tremuloides)
PRPE
Prunus pensylvanica
PRSE
Prunus serotina
PRSP
Prunus, species not identified
QUAL
Quercus alba
QURU
Quercus rubra
QUVE
Quercus velutina
SOAM
Sorbus americana
TSCA
Tsuga canadensis
ZOverall
any tree seedlings
NA
missing value
percent
percent of the 10 plots that contained seedling species
dimensionless
1
whole
NA
missing value
536
hf162-05-under.csv
understory vegetation
hf162-05-under.csv
18991
9ee0c52586d9af9a3e8ca55d78947f2b
1
\r\n
column
,
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p16/hf162/hf162-05-under.csv
plot
plot number (1-22)
plot number (1-22)
NA
missing value
year
year (2007 is pre-harvest)
YYYY
NA
missing value
lycann
Lycopodium annotinum, clubmoss
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
lyccom
Lycopodium complanatum, clubmoss
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
lycluc
Lycopodium lucidulum, clubmoss
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
lycobs
Lycopodium obscurum, clubmoss
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
athfel
Athyrium Felix-femina, fern
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
denpun
Dennstaedtia punctilobula, fern
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
dryspe
Dryopteris species, fern
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
onosen
Onoclea sensibilis, fern
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
osmcin
Osmunda cinnamomea, fern
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
osmcla
Osmunda claytoniana, fern
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
pteaqu
Pteridium aquilinum, fern
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
thenov
Thelypteris nova-boracensis, fern
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
braere
Brachyelytrum erectum, graminoid
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
carpen
Carex pensylvanica, graminoid
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
carspe
Carex species, graminoid
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
danspi
Danthonia spicata, graminoid
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
grass
Grass unknown species, graminoid
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
panspe
Panicum species, graminoid
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
rush
Rush,graminoid
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
apocan
Apocynum cannabinum, herb
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
aqucan
Aquilegia Canadensis, herb
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
arahis
Aralia hispidis, herb
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
aranud
Aralia nudicaulis, herb
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
astacu
Aster acuminatus, herb
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
astdiv
Aster divaricatus, herb
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
astspe
Aster species, herb
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
cirspe
Cirsium species, herb
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
clibor
Clintonia borealis, herb
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
clivul
Clinopodium vulgare (was SATVUL), herb
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
comper
Comptonia peregrine, herb
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
copgro
Coptis groenlandica, herb
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
cyspe
Cypredium species, herb
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
equspe
Equisetum species, herb
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
erehie
Erechtites hieracifolia, herb
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
galtri
Galium triflorum, herb
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
goospe
Goodyera species, herb
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
hiecae
Hieracium caespitosum, herb
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
houcae
Houstonia caerulea, herb
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
hypper
Hypericum perforatum, herb
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
lamspe
Lamiaceae family, herb
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
lysqua
Lysimachia quadrifolia, herb
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
maican
Maianthemum canadense, herb
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
medvir
Medeola virginiana, herb
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
monhyp
Monotropa hypopithys, herb
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
monuni
Monotropa uniflora, herb
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
oxaspe
Oxalis species, herb
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
phyame
Phytolacca americana, herb
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
polcil
Fallopia cilinodis, herb
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
polpub
Polygonatum pubescens, herb
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
potsim
Potentilla simplex, herb
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
potspe
Potentilla species, herb
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
rumace
Rumex acetosella, herb
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
sisspe
Sisyrinchium species, herb
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
smirac
Smilacina racemose, herb
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
Solanum
Solanum species, herb
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
solcan
Solidago canadensis, herb
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
solfuzzy
Solidago species, herb
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
solsmooth
Solidago species, herb
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
solspe
Solidago species, herb
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
taroff
Taraxacum officinale, herb
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
tribor
Trientalis borealis, herb
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
tripre
Trifolium pretense, herb
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
trispe
Trillium species, herb
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
uvuses
Uvularia sessilifolia, herb
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
veroff
Veronica officinalis, herb
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
versp
Veronica Sp., herb
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
vertha
Verbascum thapsus, herb
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
viosag
Viola sagittata, herb
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
viospe
Viola species, herb
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
amespe
Amelanchier sp., shrub
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
celorb
Celastrus orbiculatus, shrub
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
coralt
Cornus alternifolia, shrub
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
corcan
Cornus canadensis, shrub
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
corcor
Corylus cornuta, shrub
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
craspe
Crataegus sp., shrub
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
dielon
Diervilla lonicera, shrub
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
epirep
Epigaea repens, shrub
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
euoala
Euonymus alatus, shrub
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
gaupro
Gaultheria procumbens, shrub
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
gaybac
Gaylussacia baccata, shrub
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
hamvir
Hamamelis virginiana, shrub
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
ilemuc
Ilex mucronata, shrub
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
ilever
Ilex verticillata, shrub
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
lonspe
Lonicera species (non-native), shrub
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
malsie
Malus sieboldii, shrub
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
mitrep
Mitchella repens, shrub
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
parqui
Parthenocissus quinquefolia, shrub
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
pruvir
Prunus virginiana, shrub
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
rhafra
Rhamnus frangula, shrub
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
rhonud
Rhododendron nudiflorum, shrub
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
rhurad
Rhus radicans, shrub
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
rhytyp
Rhus typhina, shrub
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
rosmul
Rosa multiflora, shrub
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
ruball
Rubus allegheniensis, shrub
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
rubhis
Rubus hispidus, shrub
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
rubida
Rubus idaeus, shrub
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
rubspe
Unknown Rubus sp, shrub
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
sampub
Sambucus pubens, shrub
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
smiher
Smilax herbacea, shrub
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
sorame
Sorbus americana, shrub
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
spitom
Spirea tomentosa, shrub
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
vacang
Vaccinium angustifolium, shrub
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
vaccor
Vaccinium corymbosum, shrub
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
vacpal
Vaccinium pallidum, shrub
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
vacspe
Vaccinium species, shrub
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
vibace
Viburnum acerifolium, shrub
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
vibaln
Viburnum alnifolium, shrub
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
vibcas
Viburnum cassinoides, shrub
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
vibden
Viburnum dentatum, shrub
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
vitspe
Vitis sp., shrub
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
add.unk
if calculating species richness, add this number as it includes species that were present in a plot but remained unidentified so aren’t elsewhere in the list
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
add.tree
number of tree species present in the understory layer of the plot. Add in to total species richness if including trees is desired.
0
none
1
less than 1% cover
2
1-3% cover
3
3-5% cover
4
6-15% cover
5
16-25% cover
6
26-50% cover
7
51-75% cover
8
more than 75% cover
78
hf162-06-cwd.csv
coarse woody debris
hf162-06-cwd.csv
67259
75574511ddef6fe5d3b473b0d265bdaa
1
\r\n
column
,
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p16/hf162/hf162-06-cwd.csv
plot
plot number (1-22)
plot number (1-22)
year
year sampled
YYYY
NA
missing value
transect
location of transect within plot, running diagonally from:
SW.NE
southwest to northeast plot corner
SE.NW
southeast to northwest plot corner
NW.SE
northwest to southeast plot corner
NE.SW
northeast to southwest plot corner
NA
not clearly recorded
NA
missing value
tlength
length of transect in meters; always 28.28m
meter
0.01
real
NA
missing value
diam1
diameter of wood at point it crosses the transect line
centimeter
0.1
real
NA
missing value
diam2
second diameter of piece, measured perpendicular to diam1; it was not always possible to obtain two measurements
centimeter
0.1
real
NA
missing value
decay
decay class as defined below
1
solid wood, recently fallen, bark and twigs present
2
solid wood, significant weathering, branches present
3
wood not solid, bark may be sloughing but nail still must be pounded into wood
4
wood sloughing and/or friable, nail may be forcibly pushed into wood
5
wood friable, barely holding shape, nail may be easily pushed into wood
NA
missing value
genus
genus
genus
NA
missing value
species
species
species
NA
missing value
notes
notes
notes
1481
hf162-07-snags.csv
snags
hf162-07-snags.csv
9364
210756cf437450ab61559d87da27d8af
1
\r\n
column
,
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p16/hf162/hf162-07-snags.csv
plot
plot number (1-22)
plot number (1-22)
year
year sampled
YYYY
NA
missing value
dbh
diameter at 1.3m
centimeter
0.1
real
NA
missing value
species
species, genus, or type (deciduous/conifer)
ACPE
Acer pensylvanicum
ACRU
Acer rubrum
BEAL
Betula alleghaniensis
BELE
Betula lenta
conifer
conifer
deciduous
deciduous
PIAB
Picea abies
Picea
spruce, but species not discerned
PIGL
Picea glauca
Pinus
pine, but species not discerned
PIRE
Pinus resinosa
PIST
Pinus strobus
PRSE
Prunus serotina
QURU
Quercus rubra
TSCA
Tsuga canadensis
Unknown
not identified
NA
missing value
notes
notes
notes
NA
missing value
431
hf162-08-browsing.csv
browsing
hf162-08-browsing.csv
99346
3fa8927a5ee90509ffd13a1b2c4e89e8
1
\r\n
column
,
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p16/hf162/hf162-08-browsing.csv
year
year sampled
YYYY
NA
missing value
plot
plot number (1-22)
plot number (1-22)
NA
missing value
subplot
subplot (A-Y)
subplot (A-Y)
NA
missing value
species
species, see hf162-02-trees.csv and hf162-03-seedlings.csv and hf162-04-under.csv
species
NA
missing value
height.cl
height class
1
0.3-1.99m
2
1.0-1.99m
3
>2m
NA
missing value
dbh
diameter at breast height, if stem tall enough
centimeter
0.01
real
NA
missing value
browsing
browsing
N
browsing not observed
Y
browsing present
NA
missing value
browsing2m
browsing at or above 2m
N
browsing at/above 2m height not observed
Y
browsing at/above 2m height observed
NA
missing value
browsingd05
browsing of stem >=0.5cm dbh
N
not a browsed stem >=0.5cm dbh
Y
browsed stem >=0.5cm dbh
NA
missing value
notes
notes, includes notes on subplots that contained no vegetation
notes
NA
missing value
3214
hf162-09-stumps.csv
stumps
hf162-09-stumps.csv
36043
93ec6d7ca61a9f3bf916aae9ee537656
1
\r\n
column
,
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p16/hf162/hf162-09-stumps.csv
plot
plot number (1-22); but stumps tallied in harvested plots only
plot number (1-22)
NA
missing value
year
year sampled; post-harvest only
YYYY
NA
missing value
species
species, genus, or type (deciduous/conifer)
ACPE
Acer pensylvanicum
ACRU
Acer rubrum
BEAL
Betula alleghaniensis
BELE
Betula lenta
Betula
birch, but species not discerned
conifer
conifer
deciduous
deciduous
LASP
Larix species
PIAB
Picea abies
Picea
spruce, but species not discerned
Pinus
pine, but species not discerned
PIRE
Pinus resinosa
PIST
Pinus strobus
PRSE
Prunus serotina
Prunus
Prunus, but species not discerned
QUAL
Quercus alba
QURU
Quercus rubra
Quercus
oak, but species not discerned
TSCA
Tsuga canadensis
Unknown
not identified
NA
missing value
diam1
stump diameter
centimeter
0.1
real
NA
missing value
diam2
second diameter in cm. measured perpendicular to the first, if possible. Not measured in 2010
centimeter
0.1
real
NA
missing value
height
stump height; listed as negative for hollows as this is negative space to be subtracted from the plot volume
meter
0.01
real
NA
missing value
decay
decay class as defined below
1
solid wood, recently fallen, bark and twigs present
2
solid wood, significant weathering, branches present
3
wood not solid, bark may be sloughing but nail still must be pounded into wood
4
wood sloughing and/or friable, nail may be forcibly pushed into wood
5
wood friable, barely holding shape, nail may be easily pushed into wood
NA
missing value
notes
notes
notes
NA
missing value
1125
biodiversity
conservation
long-term measurement
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf110
meterCubedPerHectare