uid=HFR,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org
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public
read
doi:10.6073/pasta/5677d6ad35a7ce15083ed75dcb9c2a77
Seed Bank in Hemlock Removal Experiment at Harvard Forest 2004-2015
Aaron
Ellison
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4151-6081
Elizabeth
Farnsworth
Kelley
Sullivan
Audrey
Barker Plotkin
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4473-9785
Researcher
Samantha
Hilerio
Researcher
Chelsea
Carr
Researcher
Mack
Bennett
Researcher
2023
English
The impending loss of hemlock trees due to hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae) infestation prompted the need to identify species of plants able to colonize areas where hemlock has been removed. We investigated species present in the seed bank (in 2004 and 2010), the seedling bank (in 2004 and 2010), and seed rain (from 2005-2015) in the Harvard Forest Hemlock Removal Experiment.
In 2004, Kelley Sullivan and Aaron Ellison determined the distribution of seeds buried in the soil in the six hemlock and two hardwood stands, before canopy treatments were applied (data files hf105-01, hf105-02). In 2010, Elizabeth Farnsworth and Aaron Ellison examined the distribution of plant species present five years after the simulated hemlock removal experiment was performed and six years after the baseline, pre-treatment study of the seedbank (data files hf105-03, hf105-04, hf105-05). In the 2010 study, we hypothesized that the composition of the seed and seedling banks and seed rain would diverge among the two treatments and the controls, based on the differential impacts of harvesting versus adelgid attack on the standing vegetation. We further hypothesized that the older (deeper) strata of the seedbanks of the treatment plots would have been exhausted over time, thus yielding poor germination relative to the top strata that continually receive seed rain. Identical methods of characterizing the composition of the seedbank and the aboveground vegetation at seedbank core locations were applied in both 2004 and 2010. Additional comparisons were made with long-term data collected on overall plant species composition in the Simes plots (datasets HF 106, HF126), and with data on seed rain (data file hf105-05). This study provides a unique temporal documentation of changes in the seedbank, seed rain, and vegetation under conditions of a changing overstory.
hemlock
hemlock woolly adelgid
seed banks
regeneration
LTER controlled vocabulary
populations
disturbance
LTER core area
Harvard Forest
HFR
LTER
USA
HFR default
This dataset is released to the public under Creative Commons CC0 1.0 (No Rights Reserved). Please keep the dataset creators informed of any plans to use the dataset. Consultation with the original investigators is strongly encouraged. Publications and data products that make use of the dataset should include proper acknowledgement.
Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal
https://spdx.org/licenses/CC0-1.0.html
CC0-1.0
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf105
Simes Tract (Harvard Forest). Coordinates based on WGS84 datum.
-72.22
-72.21
+42.48
+42.47
200
240
meter
2004
2015
family
Cyperaceae
family
Juncaceae
family
Poaceae
genus
Acer
species
spp.
genus
Betula
species
spp.
genus
Tsuga
species
canadensis
complete
Information Manager
Harvard Forest
324 North Main Street
Petersham
MA
01366
USA
(978) 724-3302
hf-im@lists.fas.harvard.edu
Harvard Forest
324 North Main Street
Petersham
MA
01366
USA
(978) 724-3302
(978) 724-3595
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu
In 2004, we located five randomly-chosen points in each of the 8 experimental plots in the Simes Tract (data file hf105-06). At each point, we censused all vascular plant species present in a 1-m2 plot centered on each point, and collected a single 60 x 60 cm x 20 cm deep soil core at each point.
In 2010, we returned to the same points, and chose a new sample location within 2 m of the original location. We collected a single 15cm x 15cm x 20cm deep soil core at each point, and simultaneously censused all vascular plant species present in a 1-m2 subplot centered on each point; these same points were censused again on 15 August 2010 to ensure full detection of species with later phenologies. Data are reported as densities of each species per 0.01 ha. Forty-five taxa were positively identified in the field sample, with 43 identified to species in the field and 2 identified to genus only (seedlings of Crataegus sp. and Amelanchier sp.). Nomenclature follows Haines, A. 2011. Flora Novae Angliae: A Manual for the Identification of Native and Naturalized Higher Vascular Plants of New England. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.
Seed bank composition was assessed using the direct germination method. For both the 2004 and 2010 samples, we returned the soil cores within 5 hours to the lab for dissection by depth and planting. The cores were trimmed to 10cm x 10cm x 20cm deep blocks, then sliced into 2-cm depth increments. These samples were placed into separate 7.5 x 7.5-cm cells in a divided potting tray, each first lined with a 1-cm deep layer of milled sphagnum to facilitate drainage. One replicate reference cell for each of the cores was filled entirely with milled sphagnum and monitored for recruitment of “weedy” species present in the greenhouse seed rain. All flats of cells were placed in the Harvard Forest greenhouse at full light, watered twice daily, and fertilized once during the growing season with 0.5 tsp:2 gallons 20:20:20 fertilizer. Flats were randomly repositioned twice during the growing season.
Seed bank composition was assessed using the direct germination method. Pots were monitored on a weekly to biweekly basis from 17 May 2010 to 5 September 2010, when no new germination was occurring and existing seedlings were beginning to senesce. Most newly-emerging seedlings were removed to prevent competition with later-emerging plants, except where removal would disturb existing, as-yet-unidentified seedlings. Certain larger specimens were out-planted to larger pots in September to ensure that root-binding would not affect their growth in season 2, or cause death. Unidentified specimens at the end of the first growing season were hardened off and maintained without watering from November to April, during which time greenhouse temperatures were kept above freezing. Surviving seedlings were monitored throughout summer 2005 or 2011 until reproduction occurred or until plants were mature enough to identify unambiguously.
Forty-one positively identified species from the seed bank study were mounted on archival herbarium paper, labeled, and archived at the Harvard Forest Herbarium in 2010 and 2011. Six additional “unknown” vouchers were later annotated or determined to be replicates of positively identified taxa. Additional voucher photographs were taken and labeled. Only four taxa of 53 (7.5%) remained unidentified by the end of the experiment. In 2004, species identification was confirmed by Jerry Jenkins, Glenn Motzkin, and Elizabeth Farnsworth and nomenclature followed Gleason, H. A., and A. J. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. New York Botanic Garden Press, New York, NY. In 2011, species identifications were done by Elizabeth Farnsworth, and nomenclature followed Haines, A. 2011. Flora Novae Angliae: A Manual for the Identification of Native and Naturalized Higher Vascular Plants of New England. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.
For the seed rain, seeds were manually removed from litter collected in five litterfall baskets that were placed at random coordinates throughout the 90m x 90m plot (see details of litter baskets in HF161). Seeds were identified using keys in Montgomery, F. H. 1977. Seeds and fruits of plants of eastern Canada and northeastern United States. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Canada, and vouchers are stored in the Harvard Forest Herbarium. Representative individual seeds were weighed, and numbers of seeds in each sample were determined from mass of total samples. As of 2016, seeds are no longer sorted out from the litter baskets.
Harvard Forest Long-Term Ecological Research
Harvard Forest
324 North Main Street
Petersham
MA
01366
USA
(978) 724-3302
(978) 724-3595
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu
https://ror.org/059cpzx98
pointOfContact
The Harvard Forest Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program examines ecological dynamics in the New England region resulting from natural disturbances, environmental change, and human impacts.
National Science Foundation LTER grants: DEB-8811764, DEB-9411975, DEB-0080592, DEB-0620443, DEB-1237491, DEB-1832210.
hf105-01-seedbank-2004.csv
seed bank 2004
hf105-01-seedbank-2004.csv
40881
9e406ce28d596082d27e2b412fa6e2bf
1
\r\n
column
,
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p10/hf105/hf105-01-seedbank-2004.csv
simes.plot
plot number of the Simes Tract Hemlock Removal Experiment
plot number of the Simes Tract Hemlock Removal Experiment
replicate
sample code for each 60 x 60 x 20 soil sample in each plot. There were 5 samples/plot.
sample code for each 60 x 60 x 20 soil sample in each plot. There were 5 samples/plot.
x
x-coordinate location, in meters, of the sample. Each plot of the Simes Tract is 90 x 90 m.
meter
.01
real
NA
missing value
y
y-coordinate location, in meters, of the sample. Each plot at the Simes Tract is 90 x 90 m.
meter
.01
real
NA
missing value
depth
depth (in 2 cm increments) of the subsample taken from the soil sample for germination trials. Each 20-cm deep sample was divided into 10 2-cm thick samples. Value given is the lower depth of the subsample.
centimeter
2
natural
NA
missing value
acru
number of seedlings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick sample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
bele
number of seedlings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick sample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
beni
number of seedlings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick sample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
bepa
number of seedlings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick sample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
prse
number of seedlings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick sample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
tsca
number of seedlings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick sample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
rhty
number of seedlings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick sample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
rhgl
number of seedlings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick sample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
rufl
number of seedlings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick sample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
rusp
number of seedlings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick sample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
rubus
number of seedlings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick sample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
sp
number of seedlings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick sample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
gapr
number of seedlings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick sample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
mire
number of seedlings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick sample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
vaan
number of seedlings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick sample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
amar
number of seedlings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick sample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
heca
number of seedlings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick sample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
hyca
number of seedlings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick sample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
hype
number of seedlings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick sample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
loin
number of seedlings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick sample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
lyci
number of seedlings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick sample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
lyqu
number of seedlings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick sample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
veth
number of seedlings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick sample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
maca
number of seedlings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick sample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
move
number of seedlings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick sample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
viso
number of seedlings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick sample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
caat
number of seedlings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick sample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
cade
number of seedlings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick sample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
cala
number of seedlings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick sample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
cape
number of seedlings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick sample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
casp
number of seedlings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick sample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
rhal
number of seedlings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick sample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
sccy
number of seedlings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick sample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
juca
number of seedlings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick sample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
jute
number of seedlings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick sample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
didi
number of seedlings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick sample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
feru
number of seedlings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick sample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
pacl
number of seedlings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick sample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
pala
number of seedlings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick sample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
poan
number of seedlings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick sample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
poaceae
number of seedlings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick sample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
400
hf105-02-understory-2004.csv
understory vegetation 2004
hf105-02-understory-2004.csv
2780
f21fa6e5d0d5d2977b821540ffa11b94
1
\r\n
column
,
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p10/hf105/hf105-02-understory-2004.csv
simes.plot
plot number of the Simes Tract Hemlock Removal Experiment
plot number of the Simes Tract Hemlock Removal Experiment
replicate
sample code for each 60 x 60 x 20 soil sample in each plot. There were 5 samples/plot.
sample code for each 60 x 60 x 20 soil sample in each plot. There were 5 samples/plot.
x
x-coordinate location, in meters, of the sample. Each plot of the Simes Tract is 90 x 90 m.
meter
.01
real
NA
missing value
y
y-coordinate location, in meters, of the sample. Each plot at the Simes Tract is 90 x 90 m.
meter
.01
real
NA
missing value
depth
set to 0 to indicate understory (surface) vegetation
set to 0 to indicate understory (surface) vegetation
acru
number of seedings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick subsample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
acsa
number of seedings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick subsample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
be
number of seedings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick subsample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
coam
number of seedings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick subsample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
osvi
number of seedings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick subsample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
pist
number of seedings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick subsample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
prse
number of seedings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick subsample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
quru
number of seedings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick subsample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
tsca
number of seedings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick subsample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
rufl
number of seedings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick subsample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
vaan
number of seedings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick subsample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
arnu
number of seedings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick subsample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
fram
number of seedings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick subsample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
maca
number of seedings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick subsample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
mevi
number of seedings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick subsample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
mire
number of seedings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick subsample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
smra
number of seedings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick subsample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
cape
number of seedings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick subsample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
jute
number of seedings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick subsample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
dasp
number of seedings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick subsample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
depu
number of seedings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick subsample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
drsp
number of seedings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick subsample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
deob
number of seedings that emerged in each 2-cm-thick subsample
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
40
hf105-03-seedbank-2010.csv
seed bank 2010
hf105-03-seedbank-2010.csv
52733
cfb88b497ad9c8b72ecdd4c4bae63af9
1
\r\n
column
,
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p10/hf105/hf105-03-seedbank-2010.csv
block
ridge or valley
block
plot
plot number of the Simes Tract Hemlock Removal Experiment
plot number of the Simes Tract Hemlock Removal Experiment
treatment
treatment applied to the plot
girdled
all hemlocks girdled to simulate effects of hemlock woolly adelgid attack
logged
all hemlocks logged to simulate effects of salvage-logging
hemlock
hemlock-dominated plots in which all trees were left intact to simulate no woolly adelgid attack (hemlock controls)
hardwood
hardwood-dominated plots in which all trees were left intact, as comparison to hemlock-dominated forest tracts (hardwood controls)
blank
the replicate reference cell for each of the cores that was filled entirely with milled sphagnum and monitored for recruitment of “weedy” species present in the greenhouse seed rain
replicate
sample code (A – E) for each 15cm x 15cm x 20cm (deep) soil sample in each plot. There were 5 samples/plot.
sample code (A – E) for each 15cm x 15cm x 20cm (deep) soil sample in each plot. There were 5 samples/plot.
depth
depth (in 2 cm increments, relative to soil surface, which is 0 cm) of the subsample taken from the soil sample for germination trials. Each 20-cm deep sample was divided into ten, 2-cm thick samples. Value given is the maximum depth of the subsample (in centimeters), or BLANK for the blank replicate reference cell for each of the cores was filled entirely with milled sphagnum and monitored for recruitment of “weedy” species present in the greenhouse seed rain.
centimeter
1
natural
NA
missing value
bele
number of Betula lenta L. seedlings germinating over the course of the experiment
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
mire
number of Mitchella repens L. seedlings germinating over the course of the experiment
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
lyqu
number of Lysimachia quadrifolia L. seedlings germinating over the course of the experiment
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
asdi
number of Aster cf divaricatus seedlings germinating over the course of the experiment
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
ruoc
number of Rubus occidentalis L. seedlings germinating over the course of the experiment
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
rual
number of Rubus allegheniensis Porter seedlings germinating over the course of the experiment
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
rufl
number of Rubus flagellaris Willd. seedlings germinating over the course of the experiment
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
posi
number of Potentilla simplex Michx. seedlings germinating over the course of the experiment
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
cape
number of Carex pensylvanica Lam. seedlings germinating over the course of the experiment
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
gahi
number of Gaultheria hispidula seedlings germinating over the course of the experiment
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
ruhi
number of Rubus hispidus L. seedlings germinating over the course of the experiment
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
casp
number of Carex cf. ovales group seedlings germinating over the course of the experiment
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
jubr
number of Juncus brevicaudatus (Engelm.) Fern. seedlings germinating over the course of the experiment
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
depu
number of Dennstaedtia punctilobula (Michx.) T. Moore seedlings germinating over the course of the experiment
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
jute
number of Juncus tenuis Willd. seedlings germinating over the course of the experiment
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
viso
number of Viola sororia Willd. var. novae-angliae Duchesne seedlings germinating over the course of the experiment
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
move
number of Mollugo verticillata L. seedlings germinating over the course of the experiment
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
eugr
number of Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt. seedlings germinating over the course of the experiment
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
arhi
number of Aralia hispida Vent. seedlings germinating over the course of the experiment
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
trre
number of Trifolium repens L. seedlings germinating over the course of the experiment
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
diis
number of Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Schreb. ex Muhl. seedlings germinating over the course of the experiment
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
diac
number of Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & C.A. Clark var. fasciculatum (Torr.) Freckmann seedlings germinating over the course of the experiment
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
spto
number of Spiraea tomentosa L. seedlings germinating over the course of the experiment
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
elob
number of Eleocharis obtusa (Willd.) Schult. seedlings germinating over the course of the experiment
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
pist
number of Pinus strobus L. seedlings germinating over the course of the experiment
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
vinu
number of Viburnum nudum L. var. cassinoides (L.) Torr. & A. Gray seedlings germinating over the course of the experiment
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
tsca
number of Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. seedlings germinating over the course of the experiment
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
bepa
number of Betula papyrifera Marsh. seedlings germinating over the course of the experiment
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
cade
number of Carex debilis Michx. var. rudgei Bailey seedlings germinating over the course of the experiment
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
aghy
number of Agrostis hyemalis (Walt.) B.S.P. seedlings germinating over the course of the experiment
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
maca
number of Maianthemum canadense Desf. seedlings germinating over the course of the experiment
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
loin
number of Lobelia inflata L. seedlings germinating over the course of the experiment
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
taof
number of Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers seedlings germinating over the course of the experiment
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
cala
number of Carex laxiflora L. seedlings germinating over the course of the experiment
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
pham
number of Phytolacca americana L. var. americana seedlings germinating over the course of the experiment
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
cope
number of Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coult. seedlings germinating over the course of the experiment
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
anco
number of Anthemis cotula L. seedlings germinating over the course of the experiment
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
dicl
number of Dichanthelium clandestinum (L.) Gould seedlings germinating over the course of the experiment
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
pono
number of Potentilla norvegica L. seedlings germinating over the course of the experiment
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
acru
number of Acer rubrum L. seedlings germinating over the course of the experiment
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
frvi
number of Fragaria virginiana Duchesne seedlings germinating over the course of the experiment
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
veth
number of Verbascum thapsus L. seedlings germinating over the course of the experiment
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
juef
number of Juncus effusus L. seedlings germinating over the course of the experiment
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
juar
number of Juncus articulatus L. seedlings germinating over the course of the experiment
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
asac
number of Aster cf. acuminatus (outplanted) seedlings germinating over the course of the experiment
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
prse
number of Prunus serotina Ehrh. var. serotina seedlings germinating over the course of the experiment
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
vila
number of Viola labradorica Schrank seedlings germinating over the course of the experiment
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
sccy
number of Scirpus cyperinus (L.) Kunth. seedlings germinating over the course of the experiment
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
pali
number of Panicum linearifolium Scribn. ex Nash seedlings germinating over the course of the experiment
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
ruid
number of Rubus idaeus L. ssp. idaeus seedlings germinating over the course of the experiment
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
pogr
number of Populus grandidentata Michx. seedlings germinating over the course of the experiment
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
cadw
number of Carex deweyana Schweinitz seedlings germinating over the course of the experiment
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
416
hf105-04-understory-2010.csv
understory vegetation 2010
hf105-04-understory-2010.csv
5114
bc8cb2cf8ea494385e5da2509e3b0c48
1
\r\n
column
,
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p10/hf105/hf105-04-understory-2010.csv
date
data from both the May and August field sampling were combined; date shown is 2011-08-15
YYYY-MM-DD
1 day
block
ridge or valley
ridge or valley
plot
plot number of the Simes Tract Hemlock Removal Experiment
plot number of the Simes Tract Hemlock Removal Experiment
treatment
treatment applied to the plot
girdled
all hemlocks girdled to simulate effects of hemlock woolly adelgid attack
logged
all hemlocks logged to simulate effects of salvage-logging
hemlock
hemlock-dominated plots in which all trees were left intact to simulate no woolly adelgid attack (hemlock controls)
hardwood
hardwood-dominated plots in which all trees were left intact, as comparison to hemlock-dominated forest tracts (hardwood controls)
replicate
sample code (A – E) for each 15cm x 15cm x 20cm (deep) soil sample in each plot. There were 5 samples/plot
sample code (A – E) for each 15cm x 15cm x 20cm (deep) soil sample in each plot. There were 5 samples/plot
depu
number of Dennstaedtia punctilobula (Michx.) T. Moore seedlings identified in plot surrounding the core
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
mire
number of Mitchella repens L. seedlings identified in plot surrounding the core
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
dede
number of Dendrolycopodium dendroideum (Michx.) A. Haines seedlings identified in plot surrounding the core
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
maca
number of Maianthemum canadense Desf. seedlings identified in plot surrounding the core
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
acru
number of Acer rubrum L. seedlings identified in plot surrounding the core
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
pist
number of Pinus strobus L. seedlings identified in plot surrounding the core
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
arnu
number of Aralia nudicaulis L. seedlings identified in plot surrounding the core
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
fagr
number of Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. seedlings identified in plot surrounding the core
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
trbo
number of Trientalis borealis Raf. ssp. borealis seedlings identified in plot surrounding the core
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
vaan
number of Vaccinium angustifolium Ait. seedlings identified in plot surrounding the core
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
prse
number of Prunus serotina Ehrh. var. serotina seedlings identified in plot surrounding the core
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
uvse
number of Uvularia sessilifolia L. seedlings identified in plot surrounding the core
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
moun
number of Monotropa uniflora L. seedlings identified in plot surrounding the core
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
tsca
number of Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. seedlings identified in plot surrounding the core
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
hulu
number of Huperzia lucidula (Michx.) Trevisan seedlings identified in plot surrounding the core
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
trer
number of Trillium erectum L. seedlings identified in plot surrounding the core
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
bele
number of Betula lenta L. seedlings identified in plot surrounding the core
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
coco
number of Corylus cornuta Marsh. ssp. cornuta seedlings identified in plot surrounding the core
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
cape
number of Carex pensylvanica Lam. seedlings identified in plot surrounding the core
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
quru
number of Quercus rubra L. seedlings identified in plot surrounding the core
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
vaco
number of Vaccinium corymbosum L. seedlings identified in plot surrounding the core
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
pham
number of Phytolacca americana L. var. americana seedlings identified in plot surrounding the core
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
rual
number of Rubus allegheniensis Porter seedlings identified in plot surrounding the core
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
arhi
number of Aralia hispida Vent. seedlings identified in plot surrounding the core
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
ruhi
number of Rubus hispidus L. seedlings identified in plot surrounding the core
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
lyqu
number of Lysimachia quadrifolia L. seedlings identified in plot surrounding the core
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
ruoc
number of Rubus occidentalis L. seedlings identified in plot surrounding the core
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
beal
number of Betula alleghaniensis Brett. seedlings identified in plot surrounding the core
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
beth
number of Berberis thunbergii DC. seedlings identified in plot surrounding the core
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
bepa
number of Betula papyrifera Marsh. seedlings identified in plot surrounding the core
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
amsp
number of Amelanchier Medik. sp. seedlings identified in plot surrounding the core
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
drin
number of Dryopteris intermedia (Muhl. ex Willd.) Gray seedlings identified in plot surrounding the core
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
gapr
number of Gaultheria procumbens L. seedlings identified in plot surrounding the core
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
daco
number of Danthonia compressa Austin ex Peck seedlings identified in plot surrounding the core
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
pano
number of Parathelypteris noveboracensis (L.) Ching seedlings identified in plot surrounding the core
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
qual
number of Quercus alba L. seedlings identified in plot surrounding the core
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
drca
number of Dryopteris carthusiana (Vill.) H. P. Fuchs seedlings identified in plot surrounding the core
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
crsp
number of Crataegus L. sp. seedlings identified in plot surrounding the core
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
cotr
number of Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb. seedlings identified in plot surrounding the core
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
acsa
number of Acer saccharum Marsh. seedlings identified in plot surrounding the core
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
lycl
number of Lycopodium clavatum L. seedlings identified in plot surrounding the core
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
mevi
number of Medeola virginiana L. seedlings identified in plot surrounding the core
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
oscl
number of Osmunda claytoniana L. seedlings identified in plot surrounding the core
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
rufl
number of Rubus flagellaris Willd. seedlings identified in plot surrounding the core
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
cope
number of Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coult. seedlings identified in plot surrounding the core
number
1
whole
NA
missing value
40
hf105-05-seed-rain.csv
seed rain 2005-2015
hf105-05-seed-rain.csv
189433
02bfb4e420cf135a85d0e195a5715213
1
\r\n
column
,
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p10/hf105/hf105-05-seed-rain.csv
date
date of sample
YYYY-MM-DD
block
ridge or valley
ridge or valley
treatment
treatment applied to the plot
girdled
all hemlocks girdled to simulate effects of hemlock woolly adelgid attack
logged
all hemlocks logged to simulate effects of salvage-logging
hemlock
hemlock-dominated plots in which all trees were left intact to simulate no woolly adelgid attack (hemlock controls)
hardwood
hardwood-dominated plots in which all trees were left intact, as comparison to hemlock-dominated forest tracts (hardwood controls)
plot
plot number of the Simes Tract Hemlock Removal Experiment
plot number of the Simes Tract Hemlock Removal Experiment
basket
basket number, 1-5
basket number, 1-5. Plot 7 includes only baskets 2, 3, and 4 from April 2010 – September 2014
genus
genus
genus
species
species if known; otherwise “sp.”
species if known; otherwise “sp.”
mass
total mass weighed
gram
0.001
real
NA
missing value
weighed.in
how the seeds were weighed
Seed Only
for large seeds
Small Envelope
for smaller seeds
Large Envelope
for large lots of seeds
env.mass
average mass of small or large envelope
gram
0.0001
real
NA
missing value
seeds.mass
mass of seed lot = mass – env.mass
gram
0.0001
real
NA
missing value
ind.mass
average mass of individual seed of the species
gram
0.00001
real
NA
missing value
seed.count
estimated number of seeds = Seed.mass.g/Ind.mass.g, rounded to nearest integer
number
1
natural
NA
missing value
seeds.m2
estimated number of seeds per square meter = seed.count x 9.01, rounded to nearest integer
numberPerMeterSquared
1
natural
NA
missing value
seed.count.method
method of estimating the number of seeds
actual count
the number of seeds were physically counted (this is done when there are 5 or fewer seeds of a particular species in a sample, starting in September 2010)
calculated (more than 5)
the number of seeds were estimated based on the seed mass and the mass of a representative seed of that species (this is done when there are more than 5 seeds of a particular species in a sample)
no count
seeds not counted (Dec. 2005 – June 2010, plus a few other samples)
NA
missing value
note
notes about the sample
notes about the sample
NA
missing value
1892
hf105-06-sample-coord.csv
sample coordinates 2004, 2010
hf105-06-sample-coord.csv
2867
b0818000a0e77b6d9ef84c1c884e730e
1
\r\n
column
,
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p10/hf105/hf105-06-sample-coord.csv
year
year of sample (2004 or 2010)
year of sample (2004 or 2010)
block
ridge or valley
ridge or valley
treatment
treatment applied to the plot
girdled
all hemlocks girdled to simulate effects of hemlock woolly adelgid attack
logged
all hemlocks logged to simulate effects of salvage-logging
hemlock
hemlock-dominated plots in which all trees were left intact to simulate no woolly adelgid attack (hemlock controls)
hardwood
hardwood-dominated plots in which all trees were left intact, as comparison to hemlock-dominated forest tracts (hardwood controls)
plot
plot number of the Simes Tract Hemlock Removal Experiment
plot number of the Simes Tract Hemlock Removal Experiment
replicate
replicate A through E; corresponds to Replicate in hf105-01 and hf105-03
replicate A through E; corresponds to Replicate in hf105-01 and hf105-03
xcoord
x coordinate; sample location in meters
meter
0.01
real
NA
missing value
ycoord
y coordinate; sample location in meters
meter
0.01
real
NA
missing value
80
hf105-07-species-codes.csv
species codes
hf105-07-species-codes.csv
2672
aab889d929414e72ae4c60f549b73d7e
1
\r\n
column
,
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p10/hf105/hf105-07-species-codes.csv
species.code
species code
species code
species.name
species name
species name
105
biodiversity
conservation
invasive
plot
long-term measurement
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf051
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf106
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf035