uid=HFR,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org
all
public
read
doi:10.6073/pasta/ae495f267c5e897277ae0cfd2c8bc77d
Avian Response to Hemlock Woolly Adelgid in Southern New England 2000-2001
David
Orwig
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7822-3560
Glenn
Motzkin
Rebecca
Field
Researcher
Morgan
Tingley
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1477-2218
Researcher
2023
English
This study examines changes in avian community composition associated with the decline and loss of eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.) resulting from chronic hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand; HWA) infestations. Overstory hemlock mortality was highly correlated with avian community composition. Abundance of eastern wood-pewee (Contopus virens), brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater), tufted titmouse (Baeolophus bicolor), white-breasted nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis), red-eyed vireo (Vireo olivaceus),hooded warbler (Wilsonia citrina), and several woodpecker species was highest at points with greater than 60% mortality. Black-throated green warbler (Dendroica virens), Acadian flycatcher (Empidonax virescens), blackburnian warbler (Dendroica fusca), and hermit thrush (Catharus guttatus) were strongly associated with intact hemlock stands that exhibit little or no mortality from HWA. Eastern hemlock has unique structural characteristics that provide important habitat for numerous bird species in the northeastern U.S. As a result, removal of hemlock by HWA has profound effects on avian communities. Black-throated green warbler, blackburnian warbler, and Acadian flycatcher are very strongly associated with hemlock forests in southern New England and appear to be the species that are particularly sensitive to hemlock removal. The hooded warbler, a species whose status is of regional concern, may actually benefit from the development of a dense seedling layer associated with high hemlock mortality.
birds
community composition
forest disturbance
hemlock
hemlock woolly adelgid
LTER controlled vocabulary
disturbance
LTER core area
Harvard Forest
HFR
LTER
USA
HFR default
This dataset is released to the public under Creative Commons CC0 1.0 (No Rights Reserved). Please keep the dataset creators informed of any plans to use the dataset. Consultation with the original investigators is strongly encouraged. Publications and data products that make use of the dataset should include proper acknowledgement.
Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal
https://spdx.org/licenses/CC0-1.0.html
CC0-1.0
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf085
Central Connecticut. Coordinates based on WGS84 datum.
-72.73
-72.25
+41.99
+41.28
2000
2001
genus
Adelges
species
tsugae
hemlock woolly adelgid
genus
Betula
species
lenta
black birch
genus
Catharus
species
guttatus
hermit thrush
genus
Dendroica
species
fusca
blackburnian warbler
species
virens
black-throated green warbler
genus
Empidonax
species
virescens
acadian flycatcher
genus
Tsuga
species
canadensis
eastern hemlock
complete
Information Manager
Harvard Forest
324 North Main Street
Petersham
MA
01366
USA
(978) 724-3302
hf-im@lists.fas.harvard.edu
Harvard Forest
324 North Main Street
Petersham
MA
01366
USA
(978) 724-3302
(978) 724-3595
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu
The study was conducted in a 4900 km2 study region extending from Long Island Sound northward to the southern border of Massachusetts and including the Connecticut River Valley in Connecticut, USA. Bird surveys were conducted at 40 points in 12 hemlock stands varying in HWA infestation and overstory mortality levels during the avian breeding seasons of 2000 and 2001. Ten-minute, 50-m radius point counts were used to survey all birds seen or heard at each point. Overstory and understory vegetation were sampled at each point. Indicator species analysis and non-metric multi-dimensional scaling were used to examine relationships between avian community composition and vegetation structure.
Harvard Forest Long-Term Ecological Research
Harvard Forest
324 North Main Street
Petersham
MA
01366
USA
(978) 724-3302
(978) 724-3595
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu
https://ror.org/059cpzx98
pointOfContact
The Harvard Forest Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program examines ecological dynamics in the New England region resulting from natural disturbances, environmental change, and human impacts.
National Science Foundation LTER grants: DEB-8811764, DEB-9411975, DEB-0080592, DEB-0620443, DEB-1237491, DEB-1832210.
hf085-01-bird.csv
bird
hf085-01-bird.csv
5054
13b939b5b0f0bf7b3c256d2aae72b227
1
\r\n
column
,
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p08/hf085/hf085-01-bird.csv
sample.point
sample point
sample point
mortality.class
rating of overstory hemlock mortality
Low
0-10% overstory hemlock mortality
Medium
11-60% overstory hemlock mortality
High-A
more than 60% hemlock mortality with little black birch regeneration
High-B
more than 60% hemlock mortality with dense black birch regeneration
acfl
average relative abundance of Acadian flycatcher (Empidonax virescens) at each sample point
number
0.1
real
NA
missing value
amcr
average relative abundance of American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) at each sample point
number
0.1
real
NA
missing value
amgo
average relative abundance of American goldfinch (Carduelis tristis) at each sample point
number
0.1
real
NA
missing value
amro
average relative abundance of American robin (Turdus migratorius) at each sample point
number
0.1
real
NA
missing value
baww
average relative abundance of Black-and-white warbler (Mniotilta varia) at each sample point
number
0.1
real
NA
missing value
bcch
average relative abundance of Black-capped Chickadee (Parus atricapillus) at each sample point
number
0.1
real
NA
missing value
bhco
average relative abundance of Brown creeper (Certhia americana) at each sample point
number
0.1
real
NA
missing value
blbw
average relative abundance of Blackburnian warbler (Dendroica fusca) at each sample point
number
0.1
real
NA
missing value
blja
average relative abundance of Blue jay (Cyanocitta cristata) at each sample point
number
0.1
real
NA
missing value
brcr
average relative abundance of Brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater) at each sample point
number
0.1
real
NA
missing value
btnw
average relative abundance of Black-throated green warbler (Dendroica virens) at each sample point
number
0.1
real
NA
missing value
cawa
average relative abundance of Canada warbler (Wilsonia canadensis) at each sample point
number
0.1
real
NA
missing value
cedw
average relative abundance of Cedar waxwing (Bombycilla cedrorum) at each sample point
number
0.1
real
NA
missing value
cogr
average relative abundance of Common grackle (Quiscalus quiscula) at each sample point
number
0.1
real
NA
missing value
dowo
average relative abundance of Downy woodpecker (Picoides pubescens) at each sample point
number
0.1
real
NA
missing value
eaki
average relative abundance of Eastern kingbird (Tyrannus tyrannus) at each sample point
number
0.1
real
NA
missing value
eaph
average relative abundance of Eastern phoebe (Sayornis phoebe) at each sample point
number
0.1
real
NA
missing value
eato
average relative abundance of Eastern towhee (Pipilo erythrophthalmus) at each sample point
number
0.1
real
NA
missing value
eawp
average relative abundance of Eastern wood pewee (Contopus virens) at each sample point
number
0.1
real
NA
missing value
etti
average relative abundance of Tufted titmouse (Parus bicolor) at each sample point
number
0.1
real
NA
missing value
gcfl
average relative abundance of Great-crested flycatcher (Myiarchus crinitus) at each sample point
number
0.1
real
NA
missing value
gcki
average relative abundance of Golden-crowned kinglet (Regulus satrapa) at each sample point
number
0.1
real
NA
missing value
grca
average relative abundance of Gray catbird (Dumetella carolinensis) at each sample point
number
0.1
real
NA
missing value
hawo
average relative abundance of Hairy woodpecker (Picoides villosus) at each sample point
number
0.1
real
NA
missing value
heth
average relative abundance of Hermit thrush (Catharus guttatus) at each sample point
number
0.1
real
NA
missing value
howa
average relative abundance of Hooded warbler (Wilsonia citrina) at each sample point
number
0.1
real
NA
missing value
modo
average relative abundance of Mourning dove (Zenaida macroura)
at each sample point
number
0.1
real
NA
missing value
noca
average relative abundance of Mourning dove (Zenaida macroura)
at each sample point
number
0.1
real
NA
missing value
oven
average relative abundance of Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapillus) at each sample point
number
0.1
real
NA
missing value
piwa
average relative abundance of Pine warbler (Dendroica pinus) at each sample point
number
0.1
real
NA
missing value
piwo
average relative abundance of Pileated woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus) at each sample point
number
0.1
real
NA
missing value
rbgr
average relative abundance of Rose-breasted grosbeak (Pheucticus ludovicianus) at each sample point
number
0.1
real
NA
missing value
rbnu
average relative abundance of Red-breasted nuthatch (Sitta canadensis) at each sample point
number
0.1
real
NA
missing value
revi
average relative abundance of Red-eyed vireo (Vireo olivacea) at each sample point
number
0.1
real
NA
missing value
rphe
average relative abundance of Ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) at each sample point
number
0.1
real
NA
missing value
rsha
average relative abundance of Red-shouldered hawk (Buteo lineatus) at each sample point
number
0.1
real
NA
missing value
rtha
average relative abundance of Red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) at each sample point
number
0.1
real
NA
missing value
rthu
average relative abundance of Ruby-throated hummingbird (Archilochus colubris) at each sample point
number
0.1
real
NA
missing value
scju
average relative abundance of Dark-eyed junco (Junco hyemalis) at each sample point
number
0.1
real
NA
missing value
scta
average relative abundance of Scarlet tanager (Piranga olivacea) at each sample point
number
0.1
real
NA
missing value
sovi
average relative abundance of Blue-headed vireo (Vireo solitarious) at each sample point
number
0.1
real
NA
missing value
veer
average relative abundance of Veery (Catharus fuscescens) at each sample point
number
0.1
real
NA
missing value
wbnu
average relative abundance of White-breasted nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis) at each sample point
number
0.1
real
NA
missing value
wewa
average relative abundance of Worm-eating warbler (Helmitheros vermivorus) at each sample point
number
0.1
real
NA
missing value
witu
average relative abundance of Wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) at each sample point
number
0.1
real
NA
missing value
wiwr
average relative abundance of Winter wren (Troglodytes troglodytes) at each sample point
number
0.1
real
NA
missing value
woth
average relative abundance of Wood thrush (Hylocichlia mustelina) at each sample point
number
0.1
real
NA
missing value
ysfl
average relative abundance of Northern flicker (Colaptes auratus) at each sample point
number
0.1
real
NA
missing value
ytvi
average relative abundance of Yellow-throated vireo (Vireo flavifrons) at each sample point
number
0.1
real
NA
missing value
40
hf085-02-overstory.csv
overstory
hf085-02-overstory.csv
2384
bf1178a7db845f390af98dcd7973ae5e
1
\r\n
column
,
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p08/hf085/hf085-02-overstory.csv
sample.point
sample point
sample point
mortality.class
rating of overstory hemlock mortality
Low
0-10% overstory hemlock mortality
Medium
11-60% overstory hemlock mortality
High-A
more than 60% hemlock mortality with little black birch regeneration
High-B
more than 60% hemlock mortality with dense black birch regeneration
tsca.alive
basal area for each species at each sampling point
meterSquaredPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
tsca.dead
basal area for each species at each sampling point
meterSquaredPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
tsca.total
basal area for each species at each sampling point
meterSquaredPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
acpe
basal area for each species at each sampling point
meterSquaredPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
acru
basal area for each species at each sampling point
meterSquaredPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
acsa
basal area for each species at each sampling point
meterSquaredPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
beal
basal area for each species at each sampling point
meterSquaredPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
bele
basal area for each species at each sampling point
meterSquaredPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
bepa
basal area for each species at each sampling point
meterSquaredPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
caov
basal area for each species at each sampling point
meterSquaredPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
fagr
basal area for each species at each sampling point
meterSquaredPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
frpe
basal area for each species at each sampling point
meterSquaredPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
piri
basal area for each species at each sampling point
meterSquaredPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
pist
basal area for each species at each sampling point
meterSquaredPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
prse
basal area for each species at each sampling point
meterSquaredPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
qual
basal area for each species at each sampling point
meterSquaredPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
qupr
basal area for each species at each sampling point
meterSquaredPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
quru
basal area for each species at each sampling point
meterSquaredPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
quve
basal area for each species at each sampling point
meterSquaredPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
saal
basal area for each species at each sampling point
meterSquaredPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
total.ba
total basal area at each sampling point measured with a 10-factor cruise-all
meterSquaredPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
40
hf085-03-understory.csv
understory
hf085-03-understory.csv
2494
0980b482de050bf831e5689dacca3acf
1
\r\n
column
,
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p08/hf085/hf085-03-understory.csv
sample.point
sample point
sample point
mortality.class
rating of overstory hemlock mortality
Low
0-10% overstory hemlock mortality
Medium
11-60% overstory hemlock mortality
High-A
more than 60% hemlock mortality with little black birch regeneration
High-B
more than 60% hemlock mortality with dense black birch regeneration
tsca
seeds/ha for each species at each sampling point
numberPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
acpe
seeds/ha for each species at each sampling point
numberPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
acru
seeds/ha for each species at each sampling point
numberPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
acsa
seeds/ha for each species at each sampling point
numberPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
acsa2
seeds/ha for each species at each sampling point
numberPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
bele
seeds/ha for each species at each sampling point
numberPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
fagr
seeds/ha for each species at each sampling point
numberPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
frpe
seeds/ha for each species at each sampling point
numberPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
litu
seeds/ha for each species at each sampling point
numberPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
pist
seeds/ha for each species at each sampling point
numberPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
qual
seeds/ha for each species at each sampling point
numberPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
qupr
seeds/ha for each species at each sampling point
numberPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
quru
seeds/ha for each species at each sampling point
numberPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
quve
seeds/ha for each species at each sampling point
numberPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
saal
seeds/ha for each species at each sampling point
numberPerHectare
1
whole
NA
missing value
fern.cover
average percent cover of fern species in 4 subplots within each sample point
number
0.1
real
NA
missing value
laurel.cover
average percent cover of Laurel in 4 subplots within each sample point
number
0.1
real
NA
missing value
birch.height
average height of tallest birch in 4 subplots within each sample point
meter
.01
real
NA
missing value
40
invasive
community
regional
short-term measurement
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf021