uid=HFR,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org
all
public
read
doi:10.6073/pasta/354ae980bb525f356ffe39073ecc584d
Hemlock Mapped Tree Plot at Harvard Forest since 1990
David
Foster
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1171-3762
Audrey
Barker Plotkin
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4473-9785
Ann
Lezberg
Researcher
David
Orwig
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7822-3560
Researcher
2023
English
Most of the central New England landscape was cleared for agriculture in the
mid-19th century and then naturally reforested into "secondary forests" with the
abandonment of agricultural land. Some sites, often poorly drained, remained
forested, but were usually subjected to intensive fuelwood cutting or logging and are
termed "primary forests." The Hemlock Woodlot was never cleared for agriculture, but
has a history of cutting and natural disturbance. The hemlock woodlot is located in
the center of Harvard Forest's Prospect Hill Tract, adjacent to a spruce-blackgum
swamp. Soils are moist and rocky, with a thick organic layer. Hemlock dominates tree
species composition (62% by basal area), with hardwoods and scattered large white
pine comprising the remainder. Most of the trees are 100-150 years old, with a few
hemlock trees up to 230 years old. While the site was never cleared for agriculture,
it was logged several times and chestnut blight removed a chestnut-dominated
overstory in the 1910s. The 0.72 ha stem-mapped plot is at the center of a 4-ha
hemlock-dominated forest. This plot serves as a major reference site and is part of a
network of hemlock forests that are being intensively sampled as the hemlock woolly
adelgid arrives.
hemlock
land use
permanent plots
tree maps
vegetation dynamics
LTER controlled vocabulary
populations
disturbance
land use
LTER core area
Harvard Forest
HFR
LTER
USA
HFR default
This dataset is released to the public under Creative Commons CC0 1.0 (No Rights Reserved). Please keep the dataset creators informed of any plans to use the dataset. Consultation with the original investigators is strongly encouraged. Publications and data products that make use of the dataset should include proper acknowledgement.
Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal
https://spdx.org/licenses/CC0-1.0.html
CC0-1.0
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf031
Prospect Hill Tract (Harvard Forest). Coordinates based on WGS84 datum.
-72.18
-72.18
+42.54
+42.54
355
355
meter
1989
2019
genus
Tsuga
species
canadensis
eastern hemlock
ongoing
Information Manager
Harvard Forest
324 North Main Street
Petersham
MA
01366
USA
(978) 724-3302
hf-im@lists.fas.harvard.edu
Harvard Forest
324 North Main Street
Petersham
MA
01366
USA
(978) 724-3302
(978) 724-3595
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu
In 1990, the 120m x 60m plot was established with a 10m x 10m grid. The long
axis of the plot runs approximately East-West and the 0,0 point is the
northwest corner. All trees greater than or equal to 5 cm dbh were mapped using
a technique in which inter-tree distances were measured to the nearest
centimeter (Boose, E.R., E.F. Boose and A.L. Lezberg. 1998. A practical method
for mapping trees using distance measurements. Ecology 79:819-827). For each
tree, species, canopy position, health, and diameter were recorded. Trees with
multiple stems originating from a single base were measured as separate
individuals if the stems forked at less than 1.3m high. Tree diameter and
condition was re-measured in 1999, 2009, 2014 and 2019; hemlock vigor was also recorded.
In 2002, sapling density and understory cover was sampled in three 20x20m
subplots in or adjacent to the stem-mapped plot. In 2002 a nitrogen cycling study was initiated in the
same three 20m x 20m plots.
Hemlock woolly adelgid was detected on 20% of the hemlock trees examined in 2009. In 2014, adelgid infested 98% of hemlock trees examined, and the forest canopy was noticeably thinning.
Harvard Forest Long-Term Ecological Research
Harvard Forest
324 North Main Street
Petersham
MA
01366
USA
(978) 724-3302
(978) 724-3595
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu
https://ror.org/059cpzx98
pointOfContact
The Harvard Forest Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program examines ecological dynamics in the New England region resulting from natural disturbances, environmental change, and human impacts.
National Science Foundation LTER grants: DEB-8811764, DEB-9411975, DEB-0080592, DEB-0620443, DEB-1237491, DEB-1832210.
hf031-01-tree.csv
tree data
hf031-01-tree.csv
106831
40140cf9f498fe6df857b820ae5569e9
1
\r\n
column
,
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p03/hf031/hf031-01-tree.csv
tree
tag number (#1-744 present in 1989; 800 and up recruited in 1999, 2009 or 2014)
tree identifier
x
x-coordinate within grid (meter; 0,0 is northwest corner; X is the 60m axis of the plot)
meter
0.01
real
NA
missing value
y
y- coordinate within grid (meter; 0,0 is northwest corner; Y is the long axis of the plot)
meter
0.01
real
NA
missing value
cc
canopy class
CD
codominant
D
dominant
I
intermediate
S
suppressed
spec
species code
ACRU
Acer rubrum
BEAL
Betula alleghaniensis
BELE
Betula lenta
BEPA
Betual papyrifera
CADE
Castanea dentata
FAGR
Fagus grandifolia
HAVI
Hamamelis virginiana
PIRU
Picea rubens
PIST
Pinus strobus
QURU
Quercus rubra
TSCA
Tsuga canadensis
UNK
unknown
dbh90
diameter at breast height in 1990
centimeter
0.1
real
NA
missing value
cond89
tree condition in 1989
D
dead
L
living
M
moribund
cond93
tree condition in 1993
D
dead
L
living
M
moribund
dbh99
diameter at breast height in 1999
centimeter
0.1
real
NA
missing value
cond99
tree condition in 1999
D
dead
G
tree could not be located
L
living
M
moribund
vigor99
tree vigor in 1999
1
0-25% foliar loss
2
25-50% foliar loss
3
50-75% foliar loss
4
75-99% foliar loss
5
dead
dbh09
diameter at breast height in 2009
centimeter
0.1
real
NA
missing value
cond09
tree condition in 2009
D
dead
L
living
vigor09
tree vigor in 2009
1
0-25% foliar loss
2
25-50% foliar loss
3
50-75% foliar loss
4
75-99% foliar loss
5
dead
hwa09
presence/absence of hemlock woolly adelgid in 2009, assessed on two branches. Only trees with branches within reach were assessed (49 of the 309 live hemlocks in the plot in 2009)
1
present
0
absent
dbh14
diameter at breast height in 2014
centimeter
0.1
real
NA
missing value
cond14
tree condition in 2014
D
dead
L
living
vigor14
tree vigor in 2014
1
0-25% foliar loss
2
25-50% foliar loss
3
50-75% foliar loss
4
75-99% foliar loss
5
dead
hwa14b1
presence/absence of hemlock woolly adelgid in 2014, first branch. Only trees with branches within reach were assessed (41 of the 284 live hemlocks in the plot in 2014)
1
present
0
absent
hwa14b2
presence/absence of hemlock woolly adelgid in 2014, second branch. Only trees with branches within reach were assessed (41 of the 284 live hemlocks in the plot in 2014)
1
present
0
absent
ehs14
presence/absence of elongate hemlock scale. Only trees with branches within reach were assessed (41 of the 284 live hemlocks in 2014)
1
present
0
absent
cond16
tree condition in 2016
D
dead
L
living
vigor16
tree vigor in 2016
1
0-25% foliar loss
2
25-50% foliar loss
3
50-75% foliar loss
4
75-99% foliar loss
5
dead
hwa16b1
presence/absence of hemlock woolly adelgid in 2016, first branch. Only trees with branches within reach were assessed (41 of the 271 live hemlocks in the plot in 2016)
1
present
0
absent
hwa16b2
presence/absence of hemlock woolly adelgid in 2016, second branch. Only trees with branches within reach were assessed (41 of the 271 live hemlocks in the plot in 2016)
1
present
0
absent
ehs16
presence/absence of elongate hemlock scale. In 2016 Only trees with branches within reach were assessed (41 of the 271 live hemlocks in 2016)
1
present
0
absent
dbh19
diameter at breast height in 2019
centimeter
0.1
real
NA
missing value
cond19
tree condition in 2019
D
dead
L
living
vigor19
tree vigor in 2019
1
0-25% foliar loss
2
25-50% foliar loss
3
50-75% foliar loss
4
75-99% foliar loss
5
dead
hwa19b1
presence/absence of hemlock woolly adelgid in 2019, first branch. Only trees with branches within reach were assessed (28 of the 244 live hemlocks in the plot in 2019)
1
present
0
absent
hwa19b2
presence/absence of hemlock woolly adelgid in 2019, second branch. Only trees with branches within reach were assessed (14 of the 244 live hemlocks in the plot in 2019)
1
present
0
absent
ehs19
presence/absence of elongate hemlock scale in 2019, first branch. Only trees with branches within reach were assessed (28 of the 244 live hemlocks in the plot in 2019)
1
present
0
absent
megatag
tree tag number for those trees that fall within the 35-ha Forest Dynamics Plot
tree tag number
note
notes from 1989, 1993 and 1999
notes from 1989, 1993 and 1999
note2009
notes from 2009
notes from 2009
note2014
notes from 2014
notes from 2014
note2019
notes from 2019
notes from 2019
767
invasive
plot
long-term measurement
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf029
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf048
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf083